1. текст и письменно ответьте на вопросы после него: Albert Einstein: The Greatest Scientist of the 20th Century
Not many people really deserve the title "genius" but Albert Einstein was one of them. His discoveries have changed the way we understand our world today. Albert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879. He was a very slow learner at first. He even had trouble learning to speak! His parents were really worried.
As a boy, Albert was very unhappy at school, and the schoolmaster treated him badly because they thought he was not very clever. His marks were usually bad.
In 1896 Albert went to Zurich to study at one of the best technical universities. There his abilities in mathematics and physics began to show. After he graduated in 1902, Einstein took a job at the Swiss Patent Office. 1905 was his "Miracle Year", as he published three important essays including one on the "Special Theory of Relativity". Later Einstein wrote "The Theory of Gravity" and "The General Theory of Relativity". Soon he became a world-wide celebrity.
In 1914 Einstein moved back to Berlin. In 1921 Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics, and modestly travelled third class to Stockholm to receive it. He used his influence to lecture around Europe and the USA to promote world peace. Soon the Nazis came to power in Germany. So in 1933 he had to go to America where he lived for the rest of his life. He died on April 18th, 1955 in New Jersey, leaving behind a new way for us to look at the world.
1. Who was Albert Einstein?
2. When and where was he born?
3. Was he a slow or a fast learner at first?
4. What were his parents really worried about in his early childhood?
5. Was Albert happy at school?
6. Why did he go to Zurich in 1896?
7. What year was “Miracle Year” for him?
8. What year was Einstein awarded the Nobel Prize?
9. Why did he have to go to America in 1933?
10. When and where did he die?
2. Переведите словосочетания:
1. various reasons
2. to write a note
3. touch wood
4. unemployed people
5. to expect a letter
6. to shake with laughter
7. a teenage rebellion
8. to be mad about sport
9. an angry look
10. to wrap a present
11. to tear a page out of the book
12. to have extreme views
13. a pretty child
14. a memorable day
15. a married couple
3. Выберите правильный вариант в скобках:
1. Jack said in angry voice that he had seen Mr Walter (to get/getting) in a car half an hour ago.
2. I would like you (go/to go) to the market and buy some vegetables.
3. Have you ever heard Ann (sing/to sing)?
4. I watched the children (play/playing) in the yard and thought how cute they were.
5. Whatever I do, she is always angry (with/for) me.
6. It is not (challenging/reasonable) to swim in the river when the water is so cold.
7. This difficult riddle is a (challenge/rebellion) for us.
8. Do you think teenage rebellions (about/against) their parents are typical?
9. He is one of the best pupils. I can say he is at the (bottom/top) of the class.
10. I would like to write a (note/notice) to Mrs Morrison.
4. ответьте на вопросы:
1. What problems do teenagers usually have at this time?
2. Have you made a decision about your future career? What future profession would you like to get?
3. Do you think modern young people prefer to communicate online or to be in each other`s company?
4. What is your hobby?
5. What kinds of films do you prefer to watch?
6. What source of information is the most preferable for you?
7. Do you think teens should have pocket money? What do you usually spend your money on?
8. What are you most afraid of?
9. What are the best and the worst things in your town?
10. What do you want to do and where do you want to be in (через) five years` time?
The public basketball game was played in 1892. People participated in the playing of a basketball game that was open to the public during this year.
The first eyeglasses were worn in the 1200s. People began using eyeglasses as a form of vision correction during this time in history.
The first bicycle was ridden in 1791. Someone rode a bicycle for the first time during this year.
The first hot dog was eaten in the 1860s. People enjoyed eating hot dogs, a popular food, during this decade.
The first CDs were sold in the 1980s. Compact discs, a form of audio recording, became available for purchase during this time period.
The first electric guitar was played in 1923. Someone played an electric guitar, which is a type of musical instrument, for the first time in history during this year.
The first computer mouse was used in 1964. People began utilizing a computer mouse for navigating computers during this year.
9. This programme is watched by many people. Many individuals view and enjoy watching this particular program.
RAM - Random Access Memory
Example sentence: My computer runs faster with more RAM because it allows for better multitasking.
input devices - Devices used to input data into a computer
Example sentence: The keyboard and mouse are common input devices used to interact with a computer.
hard disk - A storage device that stores data magnetically
Example sentence: I need to upgrade my computer's hard disk because it is running out of storage space.
flash drives - Portable storage devices that use flash memory
Example sentence: I transferred my presentation onto a flash drive so I can easily access it on another computer.
peripherals - Devices connected to a computer that provide additional functionality
Example sentence: The printer, speakers, and webcam are examples of peripherals connected to my computer.
multitasking - The ability of a computer or system to perform multiple tasks simultaneously
Example sentence: My computer's processor allows for efficient multitasking; I can have multiple applications open at once without any lag.
touch screens - Display screens that allow users to interact by touching the screen
Example sentence: The new smartphone has a touch screen interface, making it easy to navigate and use.
read-only memory (ROM) - A type of memory that stores data permanently and cannot be changed or erased
Example sentence: The computer's operating system is stored in read-only memory (ROM), ensuring it cannot be accidentally deleted.
central processing unit (CPU) - The main component of a computer that performs calculations and executes program instructions
Example sentence: Without a functioning central processing unit, a computer cannot carry out any tasks.
operating system - Software that manages computer hardware and software resources
Example sentence: Windows and macOS are examples of popular operating systems used on computers.
application software - Software designed to perform specific tasks or functions for the user
Example sentence: I use Microsoft Word, an application software, to write essays and create documents.
low-level languages - Programming languages that are closer to machine code and are more difficult for humans to understand
Example sentence: Assembly language is an example of a low-level language that allows programmers to directly manipulate hardware resources.
high-level languages - Programming languages that are more user-friendly and easier to understand than low-level languages
Example sentence: Python and Java are high-level languages that are commonly used for software development.
port - A connection point on a computer where devices can be plugged in
Example sentence: I connected my external hard drive to the USB port on my laptop.
hardware - Physical components of a computer system
Example sentence: The motherboard, processor, and memory modules are examples of hardware components.
software - Programs and other operating information used by a computer
Example sentence: I installed antivirus software on my computer to protect it from malware and viruses.
output device - A device that displays or presents processed data from a computer
Example sentence: The monitor and printer are examples of output devices.
speed - The rate at which a computer or system performs tasks
Example sentence: The new computer has a faster processor, resulting in increased speed for running programs.
capacity - The amount of data that can be stored on a storage device
Example sentence: The external hard drive has a capacity of 1 terabyte, allowing for ample storage of files.
DVD-RW - A type of optical disc that can be written, erased, and rewritten multiple times
Example sentence: I burned the movie onto a DVD-RW so that I can watch it multiple times.
2. A computer's calculations are made in the central processing unit (CPU), which interprets and executes program instructions.
3. A CPU running at 4 GHz can make about four thousand million calculations a second.
4. When comparing computers, the power of the computer is important. This is mainly determined by the speed and capacity of each of the computers.
5. Computers use RAM for temporary storage of programs and data during input, processing, and output operations.