1)Though simple electric and magnetic phenomena ………… since ancient times, most basic laws of electricity were discovered between 1784 and 1831. a) was known; b) have been known; c) have known
2) After the text about the advantages of electricity………… the students went on reading about the application and consumption of electricity.
a) had read; b) had been read; c) has been read
3) We………… the resistance in each case before we begin to carry out the experiment.
calculate; b) will have calculated; c) will calculate
4) During the autumn of 1831 M. Faraday established the scientific foundation from which our electrical age ………….
a) has developed; b) has been developed; c) developed
5) He assumed that for many years the only practical electric invention made by B. Franklin …………. the lightning-rod.
a) had been; b) has been; c) was
6) In 1825 Sturgeon …………. the first electromagnet, the device in which magnetism was generated by an electric current.
a) exhibited; b) was exhibited; c) had exhibited
7) They claimed that the battery was one of those devices that………… more than once.
a) has been invented; b) had invented; c) had been invented
8) Scientists believe that by the end of the 21-st century the whole mankind…………with the new kinds of energy.
a) will be provided; b) will have been provided; c) will have provided
9) Electricity has provided mankind with the most efficient source of energy. No other source of energy………… so widely used as electricity.
a) have been; b) was; c) has been
10) M. Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction which led to the development of the electric dynamo and motor. He ………… lots of experiments before he published the results.
a) has made; b) made; c) had made

1) the title of the book -  the book's title
2) the toys of my children - my children's toys
3) the hobby of my wife - my wife's hobby
 4) the handbags of these women - these women's handbags
5) the life of animals - animals' life
6) the voice of this girl - this girl's voice
 7) the letter of Peter - Peter's letter
 8) the questions of my child - my child's question
9) the newspaper of last Saturday - last Saturday's newspaper
10) the photo of her boyfriend - her boyfriend's photo
 11) the economy of the country - the country's economy

Hello ! How nice it was to receive from you new letter — I read it a few times in a row. You actually gave collie Puppy? That's great! What did you call it? How do you treat it? Unfortunately, my parents strongly disagree keep in the house a cat or dog because they are afraid of wool, damaged furniture and Wallpaper. And I think that the animal must be — after all, how much joy, warmth and love brings it all home! I want to tell you that I started attending a circle macrame at our club. It turns out that weaving dates back to ancient seafaring craft — knitting knots. The rope can be painted in different color and weave of her toys, ornaments, planters, handbags and even clothing. I already figured out what gifts will make all for the New year. Latest news: in our class there is a new girl with an old Russian name Arina — gymnast from circus. She has an amazing braid to his knees. It is surprisingly sociable, she made friends immediately, as if were together for eight years, and not only a week. At its invitation, we whole class went to the circus. Arina were amazing, I got the impression that it may meet in any figure, so it is flexible. It is a pity that after a few months it will go to a new town on tour, the circus is not in place. And in my school soon will be traditional ballroom dancing competition, and now almost my entire class disappears during rehearsals. Many of our girls from the first class go to the dance, so the waltz, and Samba we set ourselves. At first she was afraid not to find the right partners, because Samba is very catchy and energetic dance, but our boys did not disappoint us. So have all the chances to win! Anya imagine, I only recently learned that in our house lives a very interesting woman — Anna Kovtun, a war veteran and known throughout the region craftswoman: she embroiders pictures. How amazing it turns out! When you look from afar, it seems that before you a piece of wildlife. Anna Ivanovna has repeatedly taken the first prizes at various exhibitions, and once even ran an article in the newspaper. My mother promised that in the summer again would get me a ticket to "Aistenok", and I go to camp. Finally we meet again! I have missed you so much! We are definitely going to swim in the lake, dance and sing songs under a guitar. And in the evenings to come up with a mysterious history. I even think that they are worth recording — if you ever release a book? What all can be (I know, you laugh now!). I wonder will we recognize each other in a year? Is there a big change? I look forward to your letter. Write, what is new in your life, what are your plans for the future. If possible, send me a photo of you and the puppy. Because probably already done a lot of interesting shots. On this finish. Prior to the meeting. Your friend.