2.Lookatthefollowinginternationalwords,guesstheirmeaningandcheckthepronunciation: Traditional, ornament, philosophy, technology, design, industry, reputation,
3.Translatethefollowingnounswithsuffixes-ment,-tion.Analyzetheirword-formationmodel: Movement, establishment, publication, decoration, inspiration, production,
elimination, direction, organisation, consolidation.
4.Formadjectivesusingsuffixes-ive,-able,-ible,-uble,-ent,-ant:
to act to rely
to convert to solve to depend to please
5.Guessthemeaningofthewordsinboldtype:
Advantage — disadvantage, cover — discover, approve — disapprove, appear — disappear, continue — discontinue, interested — disinterested, accuracy — inaccuracy,definitely — indefinitely,frequent — infrequent, legal — illegal, respectively — irrespectively, necessary — unnecessary, even — uneven,load — unload.
6.Brainstorming: Whatisyourunderstandingofthewordsbelow?Giveexamples.
Avant-garde; novelty; mass-produced techniques; structural; simplicity.
- Traditional: This word refers to something that has been done or passed down for a long time, usually as part of a cultural or historical tradition. The pronunciation is /trəˈdɪʃənl/.
- Ornament: This word refers to a decorative object used to adorn or enhance something. The pronunciation is /ˈɔrnəmənt/.
- Philosophy: Philosophy is the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, and more. The pronunciation is /fɪˈlɑsəfɪ/.
- Technology: Technology refers to the application of scientific knowledge to solve practical problems or create useful products. The pronunciation is /tɛkˈnɑlədʒi/.
- Design: Design is the creation of a plan or specification for the construction or creation of something, usually with the intention of making it functional and aesthetic. The pronunciation is /dɪˈzaɪn/.
- Industry: Industry refers to a category of economic activity, typically characterized by the production or manufacturing of goods. The pronunciation is /ˈɪndəstri/.
- Reputation: Reputation refers to the overall opinion or estimation that others have of a person, group, or organization, based on their past behavior or actions. The pronunciation is /ˌrɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/.
2. Now let's move on to the translation of the following nouns with the suffixes -ment and -tion, and analyze their word-formation models:
- Movement: This word refers to an act of changing physical position or location. The word-formation model is base word + -ment. The meaning is related to the act or process of the base word. For example, "movement" is derived from the base word "move".
- Establishment: This word refers to the act or process of establishing something, often referring to the creation or setting up of an organization or institution. The word-formation model is base word + -ment. For example, "establishment" is derived from the base word "establish".
- Publication: This word refers to the act or process of making something known or available to the public, usually through print or digital media. The word-formation model is base word + -tion. For example, "publication" is derived from the base word "publish".
- Decoration: This word refers to the act or process of adorning or embellishing something, usually for aesthetic purposes. The word-formation model is base word + -tion. For example, "decoration" is derived from the base word "decorate".
- Inspiration: This word refers to the process or state of being mentally or emotionally stimulated to do or feel something creative or meaningful. The word-formation model is base word + -tion. For example, "inspiration" is derived from the base word "inspire".
- Production: This word refers to the act or process of making or manufacturing goods or products. The word-formation model is base word + -tion. For example, "production" is derived from the base word "produce".
- Elimination: This word refers to the act or process of removing or getting rid of something. The word-formation model is base word + -tion. For example, "elimination" is derived from the base word "eliminate".
- Direction: This word refers to the act or process of guiding or giving instructions on how to proceed or go from one place to another. The word-formation model is base word + -tion. For example, "direction" is derived from the base word "direct".
- Organisation: This word refers to the act or process of planning, coordinating, and controlling resources and activities to achieve specific goals. The word-formation model is base word + -tion. For example, "organisation" is derived from the base word "organize".
- Consolidation: This word refers to the act or process of combining or merging multiple things into a single, unified whole. The word-formation model is base word + -tion. For example, "consolidation" is derived from the base word "consolidate".
3. Let's now form adjectives using the following suffixes: -ive, -able, -ible, -uble, -ent, -ant. We will use the base words "to act" and "to rely" as examples:
- Active: This adjective describes something or someone that is engaged in action or involved in a particular activity. The suffix -ive is added to the base word "act".
- Reliable: This adjective describes something or someone that can be trusted or relied upon. The suffix -able is added to the base word "rely".
- Convertible: This adjective describes something that can be changed or transformed into something else. The suffix -ible is added to the base word "convert".
- Soluble: This adjective describes something that can be dissolved in a liquid. The suffix -uble is added to the base word "solve".
- Dependent: This adjective describes something or someone that relies on or is influenced by something else. The suffix -ent is added to the base word "depend".
- Pleasant: This adjective describes something that gives pleasure or enjoyment. The suffix -ant is added to the base word "please".
4. Let's try to guess the meaning of the words in bold type:
- Advantage — disadvantage: "Advantage" refers to a favorable or beneficial circumstance or condition, while "disadvantage" refers to an unfavorable or unfavorable circumstance or condition. For example, having a lot of experience can give someone an advantage in a job interview, but not having the required skills can be a disadvantage.
- Cover — discover: "Cover" refers to providing shelter or protection from something, while "discover" refers to finding something for the first time or revealing something that was previously unknown. For example, a roof covers a house, and a scientist may discover a new species.
- Approve — disapprove: "Approve" refers to giving permission or expressing agreement with something, while "disapprove" refers to expressing disapproval or a negative opinion about something. For example, a teacher may approve of a student's behavior, but disapprove of another student's actions.
- Appear — disappear: "Appear" refers to becoming visible or coming into sight, while "disappear" refers to ceasing to be visible or vanishing. For example, the sun appears in the morning and disappears at night.
- Continue — discontinue: "Continue" refers to going on without interruption or stopping, while "discontinue" refers to ceasing to do or provide something. For example, a subscription can continue for many years if the customer keeps paying, but it can be discontinued if they decide to cancel it.
- Interested — disinterested: "Interested" refers to having or showing curiosity, concern, or attention, while "disinterested" refers to lacking bias, impartial, or not influenced by personal interest or gain. For example, a student can be interested in a subject and actively participate in class, while a judge should be disinterested to ensure a fair trial.
- Accuracy — inaccuracy: "Accuracy" refers to the degree of correctness or precision, while "inaccuracy" refers to lack of correctness or precision. For example, a measurement can have a high level of accuracy if it is very close to the actual value, but it can have inaccuracy if it deviates significantly.
- Definitely — indefinitely: "Definitely" refers to expressing certainty or without a doubt, while "indefinitely" refers to for an unlimited or unspecified period of time. For example, a person can say they will definitely attend a party, but if they say they will be absent indefinitely, it means they don't know when they will return.
- Frequent — infrequent: "Frequent" refers to happening often or occurring with regularity, while "infrequent" refers to happening rarely or not occurring often. For example, a student can attend class on a frequent basis, but if they only show up once or twice a month, it can be considered infrequent.
- Legal — illegal: "Legal" refers to conforming to the law or rules, while "illegal" refers to prohibited by law or rules. For example, driving within the speed limit is legal, but driving under the influence of alcohol is illegal.
- Respectively — irrespectively: "Respectively" is used to indicate that items refer to things or people that have been mentioned in the same order, while "irrespectively" is used to indicate that something is true regardless of other factors or conditions. For example, in a sentence "John and Mary are 10 and 12 years old, respectively," it means that John is 10 and Mary is 12. If we say "The results are important for everyone, irrespective of their age or background," it means that the results are important for all people, regardless of age or background.
- Necessary — unnecessary: "Necessary" refers to something that is required or essential, while "unnecessary" refers to something that is not required or not essential. For example, having a license is necessary to drive a car legally, but having a fancy car accessory is unnecessary.
- Even — uneven: "Even" refers to something that is equal, level, or balanced, while "uneven" refers to something that is not equal, level, or balanced. For example, a road surface can be even and smooth, while an unpaved pathway can be uneven and bumpy.
- Load — unload: "Load" refers to putting something on a vehicle or carrying a burden, while "unload" refers to removing or taking off something from a vehicle or getting rid of a burden. For example, a truck can be loaded with packages, and then the packages can be unloaded when reaching the destination.
5. Now, let's move on to the brainstorming activity. I will provide definitions for the following words and ask you to give examples to demonstrate your understanding:
- Avant-garde: This term refers to new and experimental ideas or practices in art, literature, music, or other cultural areas. It is often associated with pushing boundaries and challenging traditional norms. Can you provide an example of an avant-garde artist or artwork?
- Novelty: This word refers to something new or unusual that captures attention or interest. It can be a new product, an innovative idea, or a unique experience. Can you give an example of a novelty item or something that is considered a novelty in your school or community?
- Mass-produced techniques: This phrase refers to methods or processes used to manufacture or create large quantities of products quickly and efficiently. It is often associated with industrial production and can involve the use of machinery and assembly lines. Can you think of an example of a product made using mass-produced techniques?
- Structural: This adjective refers to relating to the structure or arrangement of something. It can describe the framework or organization of a building, a piece of writing, or a biological system. Can you provide an example of something with a strong structural design?
- Simplicity: This noun refers to the quality or state of being simple, straightforward, or uncomplicated. It often implies elegance and clarity. Can you think of an example of a simple solution to a problem or a simple recipe for a dish?
I hope this detailed explanation and step-by-step approach help you understand the meaning of the words and concepts discussed. If you have any further questions or need additional examples, please let me know.