2. Reading (8 points)
Healthy
Food
It's important for people to eat much as they need to pive them energy. If they eat too little food or the
wrong food they won't have enough energy. thereat too much, they will need to make more exercise:
otherwise they will put on. When we eat the correct quantity of food for the exercise we take, we call this
the energy balance
Fat is very high incalories, and so is het all in leging energy balance. Fat has also been linked with
heart disease, and many experts believe that eating less would help to reduce
Sugarlan't good for the energy balance that. The only value of the diet is to provide energy, and you can get
that from other foods. There's no doubt that too much sugar makes you fat and doesn't do your teeth much
rood ether.
Fibre, on the other hand is something that we eat too late ot. One of the simplest ways of eating more fibre is
to eat more bread, particularly whole meal, anary or nigh bre bread It's a good cheap source of fibre and
nutrients without too many calories Fotos are tood, too like bread, they are underrated, but they're
excellent for thing you up without making you tot, especially if you don't cover them with butter or fry them in
fat
So eat less fatty food (sweets, chocolate cakes puddine, jam) and eat more fibre foods (bread, potatoes,
pasta, fresh fruit and vegetables)​

let me introduce myself, my name is olga petrova. i was born in the 19 th of february, 1994 in kursk, which is the town of russia. i am sixteen. i am a pupil. i study in the 11 th form. our family is big. there are four of us: mother, father, little brother and me.

my brother`s
name is anton. he is 11. anton is nice and funny.

my parents are young. my mom is a good-looking woman. she is 39. she has two high educations. she works as economist. my mother likes reading books and magazines and she knows a lot of interesting things. she always helps me with my
problems.

my father is 41. he is a journalist. he likes his work very much. my father cooks well too. he always makes new dishes and they are very tasty.

in the evening all members of our family like to watch tv. sometimes we go to the theater or concert. we are a
friendly family. we are deeply attached to each other, and we get on very well.

i study well. my favorite school subjects are english, russian, literature and others. i want to learn spanish and french too.

it is important to have friends. my friends name is oksana. she
lives not far from me. it’s not easy to meet a true and faithful friend. i am happy that i have got oksana. i trust her and i’m sure that i can rely on her in any situation. she is the single person who can ask for help and advice in unhappy moments of my life and whom i can tell all my problems.
she never lets people down. i miss oksana when we don’t see each other for a long time. i think our friendship makes me feel confident; share to over feelings and opinions. personally, i think that friendship is a great force.

there are many interesting and exciting things to do when
you are spending your free time. each person has his interests and hobbies such as reading books, watching tv, going in for sports. as for me, i have many hobbies: they are – cooking, dancing, singing, and english language. i also fond of reading books. my favorite books are adventures and horror,
love stories. when i am reading book i live the character`s life, suffer, and enjoy with them. my favorite hobby is studying english. i think it is necessary to have a hobby. your free time is not wasted.

everybody likes music – some people enjoy classical music, others are fond of
popular music. open-minded, i like all kinds of music. i am a meloman. some music is happy, and some is sad. some is serious, and some can make people laugh.

my family likes holidays a lot. we usually celebrate each of them with a lot of food and presents and big groups of relatives
and friends.

i like new year very much. my mother and i usually decorate a new year tree with colorful glass balls and toys. i also cook new year supper, especially salads. at night we have a real feast.

my other favorite celebration is my birthday which is in february.
this day i am in the centre of attention. my parents and friends give me presents, and i usually have birthday party. i invite my friends and we have fun together. i really enjoy holidays and celebrations.

in early childhood it does not take children much time to answer the question
«what do you want to be when you grow up? ». they mentioned many interesting and exciting professions, the most popular ones are a pilot, a cosmonaut, a businessman. as the years pass, they change their minds.

i know there are many interesting and useful professions but most of all i
like the profession of an interpreter. why? because i like english language. it is necessary to learn foreign languages. that is why pupils have got such subject as a foreign language at school. everybody knows his own language but it is useful to know foreign languages too. i want to read in
original literature.

i like to travel, but it is difficult to visit countries, when you do not know the language spoken there. if i know the language of the country which i am going to visit it will be easy to travel there. if i want to ask something, i can do it in english. there are
international friendship camps in the world. if you can speak foreign languages, it will be easy for you to visit such camps and speak with people there. i think that english will be my future career because i am good at this language.

Earth is a beautiful living planet of the Universe as the common habitat of more than 7 billion human population & millions of species of biodiversity. Our Earth provides us with food, shelter & with most of our requirements.

Despite unavoidable free services provided by earth to humans, we are not being able to pay off her kindness to us. Rather we humans are being cruel to our Earth by our selfish activities. Mahatma Gandhi said, “Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s needs, but not every man’s greed.”

Every day we produce tons of degradable & non-degradable wastes & throw them anywhere recklessly. Smoke & harmful gases from our homes, vehicles or industries are suffocating her. We are disposing of dirty sewage, drainage and even chemicals recklessly, although we know that more than 7 billion humans along with all plants and animals in this world rely on water for their lives. If we aren’t concentrated on saving those water resources then in near future water may be as expensive as PETROL or one-day people may die due to thirst. Despite huge noise by our jumbo population itself, we use loudspeakers for our entertainment & industries, airplanes or other noisy vehicles for our luxury. We destroy forests for agriculture & settlement. We build huge buildings, roads & factories beyond her carrying capacity. The establishment of nuclear reactors vastly affects the environment & human lives.

Harmful gases emitted by ACs, refrigerators, industries & vehicles are depleting ozone layer & increasing our exposure to very harmful UV rays of sun leading us towards various skin diseases, eye cataract & even cancer. Wastes like plastics & other non-degradable wastes like insecticides, pesticides, chemical fertilizers etc. highly degrade soil quality & decrease agricultural products & kills soil microorganisms & decomposers. Water pollution increases the risk of water-borne diseases like cholera, dysentery etc. and lead & arsenic highly degrade our mental ability & causes the extinction of many aquatic animals. Air pollution causes airborne diseases like asthma in humans & animals and disturbs whole metabolism process in plants. Noise pollution causes insomnia & heart diseases in humans. Deforestation is leading to natural calamities like floods, soil erosion etc, temperature increase and changed rainfall distribution, drought, loss of valuable biodiversity, decreased oxygen density etc. The burning issues in the world at present are “Climate Change & Greenhouse Effect”.

Solutions to environmental problems are not impossible for superior creatures like humans, if they are committed. As a youth & global citizen, I too have the responsibilities to my mother earth. My first role in nature is to reduce my own carbon footprint via eco-friendly activities. Then, I can form a GREEN ORGANIZATION along with some other energetic youths to raise awareness in my peer circle, neighbourhood & the community about environment sanitation by changing degradable wastes into compost manure & by 3R principle (reduce, reuse & recycle) of non-degradable wastes. I can create workshops with local people that air pollution can be controlled by replacing household energy sources like coal, firewood etc. by biogas, electricity or solar energy & we can negotiate with factory owners & vehicle owners to use dust & smoke purification systems in industries & vehicles & we can encourage them to use solar-energy based industries & vehicles.

We can organize environment sanitation programs & afforestation programs in barren lands. We youths can appeal the government to bring eco-friendly development policies & proper planning of cities. We can organize orientation programs about climate change, its causes, and effects & mitigation measures in schools & colleges to induce other youths towards conservation of nature. Youths can initiate the concept of “Payment of Ecosystem services (PES)” in society & emphasize homestay tourism in the villages. As a student of the forestry sector, I have the responsibility to aware local people about the importance of forests & effects of deforestation along with the new concept of carbon trade via REDD++ programs.

Thus, for the sustainability of our planet, I promise to fulfil my responsibilities towards Mother Nature as a global citizen so as to protect my living planet from deterioration & to handover clean & green planet to our future generations. Maybe our single efforts may seem small but if thousands of youths can unite together towards nature conservation then one day our efforts will be a drastic step to protect our motherland Earth from destruction