2. Use the verbs either in the Active or Passive Voice. 1. With few exceptions, judges never (to like) to see themselves as creators of laws regarding that as the province of Parliament.
2. However, over the centuries judges (to be) responsible for making a great deal of law, and senior judges still (to do) so. If not, how could the common law (to develop)?
3. The present British legal system (to form) the basis of the Judiciary – the third branch of government – and (to comprise) three separate systems – that for England and Wales, that for Scotland and that for Northern Ireland.
4. The law as a whole (to consist) partly of statutes, or Acts of Parliament, and partly of common law.
5. Modern statutes usually (to bring) into effect by an order made by a minister of the Crown.
6. By-laws are a form of local legislation and (to design) to regulate the conduct of members of public.
7. The County Courts (to establish) for hearing both criminal and civil cases.
8. Common Law (to be) fundamentally judge-made law which (to develop) over many centuries.
9. By 1250 a common law (to promote) and (to rule) the whole country.
10. The Queen (to sign) the bill and it (to become) an Act of Parliament after it (to pass) in the House of Commons and (to adopt) in the House of Lords.
11. The spheres of criminal and civil law (to deal) with many concepts and ideas that not always easily (to understand) by ordinary people.
12. The unwritten Law of England (to make) by judges and (to base) on cases of precedent. It (to express) the sound instincts of the people, the common sense in human activity and social life.
- Either in the Active Voice: "With few exceptions, judges never like to see themselves as creators of laws because they consider that as the province of Parliament."
- Or in the Passive Voice: "With few exceptions, judges are never liked to be seen as creators of laws because that is considered as the province of Parliament."
2. However, over the centuries judges have been responsible for making a great deal of law, and senior judges still do so. If not, how could the common law develop?
- Either in the Active Voice: "However, over the centuries, judges have been responsible for making a great deal of law, and senior judges still do so. If they did not, how could the common law develop?"
- Or in the Passive Voice: "However, over the centuries, a great deal of law has been made by judges, and it continues to be done by senior judges. If not, how could the common law be developed?"
3. The present British legal system forms the basis of the Judiciary – the third branch of government – and comprises three separate systems – that for England and Wales, that for Scotland, and that for Northern Ireland.
- Either in the Active Voice: "The present British legal system forms the basis of the Judiciary, which is the third branch of government, and it comprises three separate systems - one for England and Wales, one for Scotland, and one for Northern Ireland."
- Or in the Passive Voice: "The basis of the Judiciary, the third branch of government, is formed by the present British legal system, which comprises three separate systems - one for England and Wales, one for Scotland, and one for Northern Ireland."
4. The law as a whole consists partly of statutes, or Acts of Parliament, and partly of common law.
- Either in the Active Voice: "The law as a whole consists partly of statutes, which are Acts of Parliament, and partly of common law."
- Or in the Passive Voice: "The law as a whole is consisted of statutes, or Acts of Parliament, and common law."
5. Modern statutes are usually brought into effect by an order made by a minister of the Crown.
- Either in the Active Voice: "Usually, a minister of the Crown brings modern statutes into effect by making an order."
- Or in the Passive Voice: "Modern statutes are usually brought into effect by an order made by a minister of the Crown."
6. By-laws are a form of local legislation and are designed to regulate the conduct of members of the public.
- Either in the Active Voice: "By-laws, which are a form of local legislation, are designed to regulate the conduct of members of the public."
- Or in the Passive Voice: "A form of local legislation, by-laws, are designed to regulate the conduct of members of the public."
7. The County Courts were established for hearing both criminal and civil cases.
- Either in the Active Voice: "The County Courts were established to hear both criminal and civil cases."
- Or in the Passive Voice: "For hearing both criminal and civil cases, the County Courts were established."
8. Common Law is fundamentally judge-made law which has developed over many centuries.
- Either in the Active Voice: "Common Law is fundamentally judge-made law that has developed over many centuries."
- Or in the Passive Voice: "Fundamentally, judge-made law which has developed over many centuries is called Common Law."
9. By 1250, common law was promoted and ruled the whole country.
- Either in the Active Voice: "By 1250, common law promoted and ruled the whole country."
- Or in the Passive Voice: "By 1250, the whole country was ruled and promoted by common law."
10. The Queen signs the bill and it becomes an Act of Parliament after it passes in the House of Commons and is adopted in the House of Lords.
- Either in the Active Voice: "The Queen signs the bill, and it becomes an Act of Parliament after it passes in the House of Commons and is adopted in the House of Lords."
- Or in the Passive Voice: "After the bill is signed by the Queen, it becomes an Act of Parliament when it passes in the House of Commons and is adopted in the House of Lords."
11. The spheres of criminal and civil law deal with many concepts and ideas that are not always easily understood by ordinary people.
- Either in the Active Voice: "The spheres of criminal and civil law deal with many concepts and ideas that ordinary people do not always easily understand."
- Or in the Passive Voice: "Many concepts and ideas that are not always easily understood by ordinary people are dealt with in the spheres of criminal and civil law."
12. The unwritten Law of England is made by judges and based on cases of precedent. It expresses the sound instincts of the people, the common sense in human activity, and social life.
- Either in the Active Voice: "Judges make the unwritten Law of England based on cases of precedent, which expresses the sound instincts of the people, the common sense in human activity, and social life."
- Or in the Passive Voice: "The unwritten Law of England is made by judges and is based on cases of precedent. It expresses the sound instincts of the people, the common sense in human activity, and social life."