3. ing-формы
перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на
разные функции слов с окончанием -ing. подчеркните причастие одной
чертой, а герундий – двумя.
1. running from moscow to vladivostok, the trans-siberian express covers the distance of
9,300 km in eight days, making 91 stops.
2. around $1.2 billion will be spent on modernizing the 270 km suburban network of sao
paolo, brazil. this includes buying new trains, refurbishing existing rolling stock,
renewing signaling equipment, constructing new railway stations, rebuilding old
ones and laying new tracks.
3. the transport committee studied the problem of increasing the number of trains
operating on the commuter network.
4. on october 11 2008, the thalys train from paris to amsterdam collided with a departing
icm trainset at the station of gouda. no people were injured.
- Hey. How are you? What have you been up to recently?
- I'm fine, thank you. Not much. I've been thinking about Halloween and where can I spend it. What about you?
- Actually, I'm going to throw a Holloween party at my house.
- Wow. That's great! Have you thought this through already?
- Not really. I don't even know where to start.
- Okay, I'll help you with it. Firstly, you have to decide on snacks and drinks.
- I guess, it would be nice to buy some candies and maybe some chips. Basically, I'm going to buy something that you can eat without a fork or a spoon. As for drinks, I'm going to buy some Cola, Srpite, maybe some juice and water. What do you think?
- You've made a good decision. From my expirience, noone wants to eat something heavy or something that requires using spoons or forks at the party. Next thing you need is decorations.
- Oh, right! I think about buying a lot of pumpkins and cutting faces and things on it. Also, I think about buying some Halloween-themed candles and houseware. I don't know. I guess I'll decide at the shop.
- Who are you going to invite to this party?
- My house is really big, so I think I will invite my classmates and all the people I know. They can bring their friends, too. Oh, this is going to be so much fun!
- Fantastic! Have you though about your costume, though?
- I totally forgot about it! Thank you for reminding me. I have to think about something simple, since I don't have much time or money for making it. I might go as a pirate or something. What about you? You're going to my party, right? Who are you going to dress as?
- Of course, I'm coming to your party! I actually have made my costume already. But I want to keep it a secret. You'll like it, I'm sure.
- Well, I can't wait to see it. So, I think I should go prepairing for the party.
- Okay. Bye. No! Wait! When is the party starting?
- Oh, right. I completely forgot. It's on the 27th of October at 9 pm. Come and bring your friends!
- I will! Goodbye.
- Bye-bye.
Let me begin by saying that nothing is good or bad but by comparison. That's why if you don't know a foreign language you can't appreciate your own one. Do you agree with this thought? I do and I'll explain why.
First, when you learn a foreign language you learn your mother tongue too because you translate words, expressions and sentences from one language to another and compare grammar constructions, rules, idioms etc. In this process you learn more about your language too and understand it better.
Besides, when you learn another language you learn more about the culture and the people who speak this language. You compare your culture with this one, you learn more about your culture and you learn to appreciate your culture. If you appreciate your culture, you appreciate your language too, because they have very close connection with each other. For example, many expressions in a language come from books by famous writers and if you haven't read the books you won't understand the origin of these expressions.
Moreover, philologists think that all the languages develop from one ancient language. The Bible says so too. That's why there are many similar things in different languages: similar grammar constructions, tenses, international words and so on. If you learn several languages you will easies understand the etimology of many words in your own language.
To sum up, to know only one language isn't enough for an educated person. Remember that all well-educated persons around the world know five, ten and even more languages, they translate stories and poems from one language into another and thus, appreciate their own language more.