3. Listening for ideas
7.18 Listen to someone talking about the problem of rubbish
in towns and cities and answer the questions.
Why is rubbish becoming 2 How does it
3 What can we
a big problem?
affect our lives?
do?
Writing (an essay offering solutions to a problem)​

A crossword puzzle is a game of words where the player is given a hint and the number of letters. The player then fills in a grid of boxes by finding the right words. Liverpool journalist, Arthur Wynne invented the first crossword puzzle.Arthur WynneArthur Wynne was born on June 22, 1871 in Liverpool, England. He immigrated to the United States at the age of nineteen. He first lived in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and worked for the Pittsburgh Press newspaper. An interesting side-note, was that Wynne also played violin in the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra.Later, Arthur Wynne moved to Cedar Grove, New Jersey and started working for a New York City based newspaper called the New York World. He wrote the first crossword puzzle for the New York World, published on Sunday, December 21, 1913. The editor had asked Wynne to invent a new game for the paper's Sunday entertainment section.View a copy of Arthur Wynne's first crossword puzzleWord-Cross to Cross-Word to CrosswordArthur Wynne's first crossword puzzle was initially called word-cross and was diamond-shaped. The name later switched to cross-word, and then as a result of an accidental typo the hyphen was dropped and the name became crossword.Wynne based his crossword puzzle on a similar but much older game played in ancient Pompeii that translated from Latin to English was called Magic Squares. In Magic Squares, the player is given a group of words and has to arrange them on a grid so that the words read the same way across and down. A crossword puzzle is very similar, except instead of being given the words the player is given clues.Arthur Wynne added other innovations to the crossword puzzle. While the first puzzle wasdiamond-shaped, he later invented horizontal and vertical shaped puzzles; and Wynne invented the use of adding blank black squares to a crossword puzzle.The crossword puzzle in a British publication was published in Pearson's Magazine in February 1922. The first New York Times crossword was published on February 1 1930.First Book of Crossword PuzzlesAccording to the Guinness Book of Records, the first collection of crossword puzzles was published in the USA in 1924. Called The Cross Word Puzzle Book it was the first publication by a new partnership formed by Dick Simon and Lincoln Schuster. The book, a compilation of crossword puzzles from the newspaper New York World, was an instant success and helped to establish publishing giant Simon & Schuster, who continue to produce crossword books to this day.

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     Marriage of parents of Lermontov of rich successor M. M. Arsenyeva (1795-1817) and army captain Yu. P. Lermontov (1773-1831) was unsuccessful. The early death of mother and quarrel of the father with grandmother E.A.Arsenyeva hard affected formation of the identity of the poet. Lermontov was brought up at the grandmother in Tarkhana's manor of the Penza province; I got an excellent house education (foreign languages, drawing, music). The romantic cult of the father and the corresponding treatment of the family conflict were reflected later in dramas Menschen und Leidenschaften ("People and passions", 1830), "The strange person" (1831). Are significant for Lermontov's formation and the legend about the legendary founder of his sort the Scottish poet Thomas Lermonte. Trips belong to strong impressions of the childhood to the Caucasus (1820, 1825). With 1827 Lermontov lives in Moscow. It is trained in the Moscow university noble board (September 1828 March, 1830), is later at the Moscow university (September 1830 June, 1832) on moral and political, then verbal office. Lermontov's early poetic attempts testify to hazardous and unsystematic reading preromantic and romantic literature: along with J. G. Byron and A.S. Pushkin for him F.Schiller, V. Hugo, K.N. Batyushkov, philosophical lyrics любомудров are important; in verses the mass of the borrowed lines (fragments) from compositions of the most different authors from M.V.Lomonosova to modern to it poets. Without thinking of itself the professional writer and without seeking to be printed, Lermontov keeps the undercover lyrical diary where strangers, sometimes contrast formulas serve as expression of the intimate truth about the great and not understood soul. Endured in E.A.Sushkova, N.F.Ivanova's 1830-32 hobbies, Century. And. Lopukhina become a material for the corresponding liriko-confessionary cycles where the eternal, tragic conflict is behind concrete circumstances. At the same time there is a work on romantic poems from frankly imitative "Circassians" (1828) to quite professional "Izmail-beya" and "Litvinki" (both 1832), testifying to assimilation of a genre (bayronovsko-Pushkin) canon by Lermontov (exclusiveness of the main character, composition "vershinnost" ", an innuendo" a plot, exotic or historical color). By the beginning of the 1830th the "main" heroes of poetic system of Lermontov, correlated to two different vital and creative strategy, with two treatments of own personality are found: the fallen spirit which consciously damned the world and has chosen the evil (the first edition of the poem "Demon", 1829), and innocent, pure soul the sufferer dreaming of freedom and natural harmony (the poem "Confession", 1831, been a poem "Mtsyri" prototype). Contrast of these treatments doesn't exclude the internal relationship providing an intense antitetichnost of characters of all main lermontovsky characters and complexity of an author's assessment.                                             2) подели на 18 и 14 так надо читать во втором на 18 и 41 и так всегда