Adam Smith Seventeen seventy-six, the year that we associate with the signing of the Declaration of Independence, also marked the publication in England of one of the most influential books of our time, “The Wealth of Nations. Written by Adam Smith, it earned the author the title The father of economics.
Smith objected to the principal economic beliefs of his day. He differed with the physiocrats who argued that land was the only source of wealth. He also disagreed with the mercantilists who measured the wealth of a nation by its money supply.
In Smiths view, a nations wealth was dependent upon production, not agriculture alone. How much it produced, he believed, depended upon how well it combined labour and the other factors of production. The more efficient is the combination, the greater is the output and the greater is the nations wealth.
The heart of Smiths economic philosophy was his belief that the economy would work best if it functioned on its own without government regulation. In those circumstances, self-interest would make business firms produce only those products that consumers wanted, and produce them at the lowest possible cost. They would do it in an effort to outperform their competitors and gain the greatest profit.

Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:

What title did “The Wealth of nations” bring to Adam Smith?
What was a nation’s wealth dependent upon in Smith’s opinion?
What was the heart of Smith’s economic philosophy?
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Gulliver was born in England.When he was only fourteen years old his father sent him to Cambridge to study medicine .He studied there for three years . When Gulliver left college he went on with his studies and became a doctor . He always wanted to travel . Gulliver became a doctor on a ship sailing both to the east and to the west indies.On May 4, 1699, he siled from Bristol for the south seas as a doctor of a ship named the Antelope. At first, everything went well but then there was a great storm. The ship came very close to the rocks and crashed into them . Some of the sailors and Igot a boat into the water. It was a small boat. When a big wave hit it, we all fell into the sea. He was swimming for a very long time and got very tired. Gulliver felt that he could not swim any longer. But the shore was not far away and soon his feet touched the ground. Gulliver walked oul of the sea to a beach - there wery no houses , there were no people. He was so tired that he lay down and fell asleep.

ответ:1. Sam has lost his keys. So he can’t open the door.

2. When I woke up in the morning, the rain…had already stopped

3. I had finished my test by midnight yesterday.

4. The film turned out to be much longer than we had expectEd

5. My sister has just left for the bank.

6. The girls were good friends. They had known each other for 5 years.

7. Mother will have laid the table before we come.

8. I have never tried…Japanese food.

9. Ted was so happy because his dream had come  true.

10. We have been to Paris many times.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Perfect.

1. Nick showEd the teacher the picture which he had  drawn

2. The boy gave the girl the flowers which he  had brought from the field.

3. Mother saw  that Nick hadn’t washed his hands.

4. I knew that my friend hadn’t come yet

5. When I woke up yesterday, parents had already gone  to work.

6. The children thought that his father hadn’t come  home yet

7. Mary told us that she had cooked a good dinner.

8. Yesterday I found the book which I had lost in summer.

9. When we came to the station, the train had already left .

10. I had finished my test by the lesson was over

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