A crucial role in the life of all organisms is the temperature, habitat. To her especially sensitive so-called "cold-blooded"animals and those who can not tolerate fluctuations in the thermal regime. The body temperature of "cold-blooded" animals - all of invertebrates and lower vertebrates - depends mainly on the temperature change or water and after it. Therefore, the "cold-blooded" properly called poikilothermic, t. E. The animals with temperature changes. As for normal metabolism and implementation of all physiological processes in the body of an animal need a fairly high temperature, ground "cold-blooded" animals elect a heated portion or bask in the sun. In lizards under the action of sunlight, even at body temperature cold air can quickly rise up to 28 - 37 °, so that they at any time are "warm-blooded". The body temperature rises sharply at them and while driving. Even the fish when they swim fast, the body temperature can rise to 37 °, far exceeding the temperature of the waterThe "warm-blooded" animals - birds and mammals - the body temperature stable. It almost does not depend on the thermal regime of the environment, as their body itself produces the necessary warm and regulates its flow. Therefore, even with heavy frost (-35 -40 °) body temperature or polar fox wolf 38 - 40 °, and the temperature difference between the body and the air can be 70 ° or more. Similarly, animals and birds can regulate their body temperature and in hot weather. These devices give them a big advantage in the struggle for existence, allowing live in very harsh conditions. However, many species of mammals and birds, such as tropical and polar, can live only at a very specific temperature range and, therefore, are common in limited geographical areas of the globe. The temperature conditions of the environment are just as important for plants. Growth and development of each of their kind are possible only under certain thermal conditions. The temperature dependent photosynthesis, transpiration, and other physiological processes, as well as metabolism within the plant. For plants, it is important not only the total amount of heat, but also its distribution in time. Seeds of many plant species is needed for normal development of the period of exposure is relatively low temperatures, which are unfavorable for adult plants. Are not the same needs in the thermal regime and in different periods of plant development, not to mention the fundamental differences between thermophilic and cold-tolerant species. Larch in the Siberian taiga carry the most severe winters, although freeze through. Cactus in the desert of North America can withstand heat up to 60-65 °. Plants not only suffer the effect of temperature conditions and are forced to adapt to them, but they themselves are changing. Of course, the tree, even more so has little effect on the surrounding area. The situation is different plant community, especially forest plantations. Under its canopy and the temperature and the wind, and all the other elements of climate are very different from the mainstream in the neighborhood, outside edge of the forest. In summer, the dense forest is cooler and wetter winter noticeably warmer than in the field or meadow. Each plant community characterized by its own characteristic for him microclimate. It is extremely important not only for plants but also for animals living here, who find in the woods, bushes and thick grass protection from the sun, rain, strong wind, blizzard, blizzards.In the middle and high latitudes of great importance in the life of plants and animals have snow for months completely covers the ground. Due to the low heat conductivity snow cover protects well hidden beneath the vegetation and animals from severe frosts. Only thanks to the protection of snow in the winter freeze is not many plants, including winter cereals, and some do not cease to grow.
ClimateClimate is the weather in a certain place for a long period of time. The climate has a very important influence on plants, animals and humans and varies in different parts of the world.Russia is the biggest country in the world. It is located on a vast territory from the Pacific coast to the center of Europe, and its climate in the north, south, east and west varies. In the west, for example, the climate is usually mild and wet. At the same time, the coldest place on the planet is in the north of Siberia, whereas in the south of Russia there is a lot of sunlight, and the heat in the summer can be really terrible. Summer and winter options in Moscow, Omsk or Krasnoyarsk, in Volgograd or Rostov. In the Arctic, the temperature in winter is quite low. In the taiga zone, long, harsh winters and short summers. Between the Black and Caspian Seas it is very hot in the summer.But recently the climate in our country has changed very much, especially in its European part. Some scientists believe that the world is getting hotter. If you compare the temperature of Moscow summer and winter at the beginning and at the end, you will find that the temperature has actually changed. Winters became warmer. Sometimes a little snowball falls in January, and there were winters when it was raining on the eve of the New Year (not snow!).Many people say that this is due to the greenhouse effect. Have you ever heard of this? It happens like this: sunlight gives us warmth. Some of the heat warms the atmosphere, some of the heat returns back to space. Nowadays, the air surrounding the earth has become much warmer due to the fact that the heat can not return back to space. That's why the temperatures of winter and summer in many places are higher. Over the past hundred years, people have produced a lot of carbon dioxide. This gas in the atmosphere acts like glass in a greenhouse. He lets in the heat, but does not allow much heat to escape. Sothat the atmosphere is getting warmer. Where does carbon dioxide come from? People and animals inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. We produce carbon dioxide when we burn things. Trees absorb gas from the air and produce oxygen, but over the past five years, people have cut down and burned a large number of tropical forests. This means that there are few trees and, of course, a lot of carbon dioxide! ,As we can see, the climate in different parts of the world is gradually changing from year to year. These changes can be dangerous for our fragile planet, which needs protection. The Earth is millions of years old, much older than humans. We know a lot of her secrets. But many have yet to learn. Summary
The temperature conditions of the environment are just as important for plants. Growth and development of each of their kind are possible only under certain thermal conditions. The temperature dependent photosynthesis, transpiration, and other physiological processes, as well as metabolism within the plant. For plants, it is important not only the total amount of heat, but also its distribution in time. Seeds of many plant species is needed for normal development of the period of exposure is relatively low temperatures, which are unfavorable for adult plants. Are not the same needs in the thermal regime and in different periods of plant development, not to mention the fundamental differences between thermophilic and cold-tolerant species. Larch in the Siberian taiga carry the most severe winters, although freeze through. Cactus in the desert of North America can withstand heat up to 60-65 °.
Plants not only suffer the effect of temperature conditions and are forced to adapt to them, but they themselves are changing. Of course, the tree, even more so has little effect on the surrounding area. The situation is different plant community, especially forest plantations. Under its canopy and the temperature and the wind, and all the other elements of climate are very different from the mainstream in the neighborhood, outside edge of the forest. In summer, the dense forest is cooler and wetter winter noticeably warmer than in the field or meadow. Each plant community characterized by its own characteristic for him microclimate. It is extremely important not only for plants but also for animals living here, who find in the woods, bushes and thick grass protection from the sun, rain, strong wind, blizzard, blizzards.In the middle and high latitudes of great importance in the life of plants and animals have snow for months completely covers the ground. Due to the low heat conductivity snow cover protects well hidden beneath the vegetation and animals from severe frosts. Only thanks to the protection of snow in the winter freeze is not many plants, including winter cereals, and some do not cease to grow.