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22.06.2021 08:15 •  Английский язык

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The brain is like a computer that controls the body's functions, and the nervous system is like a network that relays messages to parts of the body. The brain may simply be the bossiest part of the body: It tells virtually every other part of your body what to do, all the time, whether you’re aware of it or not. It controls what you think and feel, how you learn and remember, and the way you move. It also controls things you might not think about — like the beating of your heart and whether you feel sleepy or awake.

The Brain & Nervous System in Everyday Life

If the brain is like a central computer that controls all the functions of your body, then the nervous system is like a network that sends messages back and forth from the brain to different parts of the body. It does this via the spinal cord, which runs from the brain down through the back and contains threadlike nerves that branch out to every organ and body part.

How the Brain Works

The human brain is incredibly compact, weighing just 3 pounds. Its many folds and grooves, though, provide it with the additional surface area necessary for storing all of the body’s important information.

The spinal cord, on the other hand, is a long bundle of nerve tissue about 18 inches long and ¾ inch thick. It extends from the lower part of the brain down through spine. Along the way, various nerves branch out to the entire body. These make up the peripheral nervous system.

Both the brain and the spinal cord are protected by bone: the brain by the bones of the skull, and the spinal cord by the set of ring-shaped bones called vertebrae that make up the spine. They’re both cushioned by layers of membranes called meninges as well as a special fluid called cerebrospinal fluid. This fluid helps protect the nerve tissue, keep it healthy, and remove waste products.

The brain is made up of three main sections: the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain.

The Forebrain

The forebrain is the largest and most complex part of the brain. It consists of the cerebrum — the area with all the folds and grooves. The cerebrum contains the information that essentially makes us who we are: our intelligence, memory, personality, emotion, speech, and ability to feel and move. Specific areas of the cerebrum are in charge of processing these different types of information. These are called lobes, and there are four of them: the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital.