БРАТЬЯ И СЁСТРЫ
ответить на во Вот текст: Drawing consists of pulling metal through a die. One type is wire drawing. The diameter reduction that can be achieved in one die is limited, but several dies in series can be used to get the desired reduction. Sheet metal forming Sheet metal forming is widely used when parts of certain shape and size are needed. It includes forging, bending and shearing. One characteristic of sheet metal forming is that the thickness of the sheet changes little in processing. The metal is stretched just beyond its yield point (2 to 4 percent strain) in order to retain the new shape. Bending can be done by pressing between two dies. Shearing is a cutting operation similar to that used for cloth. Each of these processes may be used alone, but often all three are used on one part. For example, to make the roof of an automobile from a flat sheet, the edges are gripped and the piece pulled in tension over a lower die. Next an upper die is pressed over the top, finishing the forming operation, and finally the edges are sheared off to give the final dimensions. Forging Forging is the shaping of a piece of metal by pushing with open or closed dies. It is usually done hot in order to reduce the required force and increase the metal's plasticity. Open-die forging is usually done by hammering a part between two flat faces. It is used to make parts that are too big to be formed in a closed die or in cases where only a few parts are to be made. The earliest forging machines lifted a large hammer that was then dropped on the workpiece, but now air or steam hammers are used, since they allow greater control over the force and the rate of forming. The part is shaped by moving or turning it between blows. Closed-die forging is the shaping of hot metal within the walls of two dies that come together to enclose the workpiece on all sides. The process starts with a rod or bar cut to the length needed to fill the die. Since large, complex shapes and large strains are involved, several dies may be used to go from the initial bar to the final shape. With closed dies, parts can be made to close tolerances so that little finish machining is required. Two closed-die forging operations are given special names. They are upsetting and coining. Coining takes its name from the final stage of forming metal coins, where the desired imprint is formed on a metal disk that is pressed in a closed die. Coining involves small strains and is done cold. Upsetting involves a flow of the metal back upon itself. An example of this process is the pushing of a short length of a rod through a hole, clamping the rod, and then hitting the exposed length with a die to form the head of a nail or bolt.
Dnipro is the leading business, industrial, scientific and cultural center of Southeastern Ukraine.
I really like the city, it is very beautiful, cozy and diverse with museums, fountains, very beautiful churches, theaters, parks and playgrounds. For example: Bridge City, Passage, Caravan, Our Truth, Babylon and many more. The history of Dnepropetrovsk is very rich. From time immemorial, the area where Dnepropetrovsk is now located has had ancient settlements since the Paleolithic times. After the formation of Zaporizhzhya Sich in the XVI century, these lands became actively populated, here began to appear villages, farms and cities. The most famous city of the first half of the 16th century was the city of Samar, the old name of Samar, which was located on the outskirts of the present village of Shevchenko at the mouth of the Samara River. Later, the Cossacks built the new town of Novy Kaydak, and where Samar used to be, in 1688 built the Bogorodetsky Fortress. In 1775, the Zaporozhye Cossacks were liquidated and its territory divided between the two provinces of Azov and Novorossiysk. In 1776 Catherine the Second founded the center of the Azov province, which was called Ekaterinoslav. The new town on the River Kilchen did not last long, in terms of geology it was a bad location. Only in 1784, on January 22, the second Katerynoslav was founded near the Dnieper River, it was originally planned that the city would become the "Third Capital of Russia". During the visit of Catherine, in May 1787, the city officially became known as Catherine. However, the location of the new city was also unsuccessful, with difficulties in water supply, so the city center moved west down to the Dnieper River, where the Cossack settlement of Polovitsa lived. In 1790 the city acquired its original location, and to this day it is the center of Dnepropetrovsk. Today our city is undergoing a revival. After a number of renovations, the old buildings were renovated, the city center is gradually becoming a new metropolis, and new airlines have opened, connecting the city with the world. Dnipropetrovsk is famous not only for its architecture and industry, but also as a center for new technologies and scientific thought. Noisy narrow streets, beautiful wide avenues, parks. Dnepropetrovsk is unique in its picturesque promenades and bridges. In the center of the city is the Taras Shevchenko Drama Theater, it was founded in 1919 as the first national theater in Ukraine. Like the Shevchenko Theater, the Gorky Theater has a history. In 1927, this theater first found its audience, and in 1932 the Dnipropetrovsk Russian Drama Theater was named after Maxim Gorky. The Opera and Ballet Theater was founded in 1931, in 1941 it was evacuated to Krasnoyarsk. After the war, the theater officially ceased operations, but was revived in 1974, December 26, 1974 - the first season opened. There is also a children's theater in the city, a one-act "Creek" theater. Going back to the history of the city, you can learn a lot by visiting the Jawornytsky Historical Museum. Dmytro Yavornytsky has collected thousands of unique exhibits and objects of the old life of the Zaporozhye Cossacks, from weapons to embroideries and dresses of that time. The museum can tell about the life of Zaporozhye Cossacks and Zaporozhye Sich.
A destructive hurricane which struck Southern Florida yesterday afternoon has injured many residents.
The hurricane caused a great deal of damage when heavy rain and winds of up to 88 kilometres per hour knocked down a large amount of trees and power lines in the area.
Most homes across the state have lost power.
The violent storm has also destroyed many houses and buildings and left thousands of people homeless.
Emergency workers have set up a few shelters for the homeless as they struggle to distribute food and water.
Some experts are now trying to estimate how much it will cost 10 repair the damage due to the devastating hurricane.
Several forecasters at the National Hurricane Cent re are worried that the storm will move along the East Coast and hit other states in its path.
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