complete the sentences.
rude , weak , clever , quiet, ugly, hardworking
1 fred isn't he's very noisy
2 wilma isn't lazy. she's
3 pebbles isn't she's beautiful
4 barney isn't he 's a bit silly
5 bamm-bamm isn't he's very strong
6 betty isn't she's polite
2.eats
3. swims
4.makes
5. stay, makes
6. sits
7. carries
8.drink
9.gives
10.has
11. are
12. takes
вопросы:
1. does Mr. jordan discuss business in the afternoon?
2. does she eat noodles every Monday?
3. does he swim in the swimming pool?
4. does he always make an appointments in advance?
5. does he make a monthly report?
6. does she usually sit near the teacher?
7. does a policeman carry a gun?
8. do they drink milk every day?
9. does the lady give a present for him?
10. does Helen have a car?
11. are you a good friend of mine?
12. does it take an hour and a half to do her homework?
отриц. предложения:
1. Mr. jordan doesn't discuss business
2. she doesn't eat noodles every Monday
3. he doesn't swim in the swimming pool
4. he doesn't always make an appointment in advance
5. he doesn't make a monthly report
6. she doesn't usually sit near the teacher
7. the policeman doesn't carry a gun
8. they don't drink milk every day
9. the lady doesn't give a present for him
10. Helen doesn't have a car
11. you are not a good friend of mine
12. it doesn't take an hour and a half to do her homework
При переводе прямой речи в косвенную, временные формы глаголов сдвигаются на шаг в кроме следующих случаев:
1. Слова автора в настоящем или будущем времени: He will say that he has been there before.
2. Действие в Past Perfect (Continuous) или Future-in-the-Past: He said that he felt happy after he had done it.
3. Обстоятельства времени не изменились: He said that he bought it yesterday.
4. Выражение всегда верно: The teacher said that the sun rises in the east.
5. Выражение верно длительный период времени: He said that he loves you.
6. Сообщение повторяется сразу: He said that the food is delicious.
7. Условные предложения 2 типа: He said that if he were you, he wouldn’t do it.
8. Желаемые события: She said she wished she were younger.
9. Глаголы should, ought to: She was said that he ought to quit smoking.
10. Must, если это совет, предположение или приказ: He guessed that they must be at home.
Временные формы могут не изменяться в случае:
1. Когда непосредственно указано время действия: They said that they began/had begun studying English in 2010.
2. Когда косвенно указано время действия: She said that she met/had met him when they were neighbours.
3. Когда излагающий согласен с мнением цитируемого: He said that India is a rich country.
(при несогласии: He said that India was a rich country).
При сдвиге временной формы глагола в в косвенной речи, по ситуации, изменяются обстоятельства места и времени, местоимения, а также, происходит отстранение от эмоций:
this – that, these – those, here – there, now - then (at that moment, at once, immediately), come – go, today – (on) that day, yesterday – the day before(earlier), tomorrow - (on) the next (following) day, last week – the week before, ago - before(earlier), next week – the next (following) week, now that – since, so – very, yes/no – answered in the positive/negative, he - that man, we - they.
Если из прямой речи лицо не известно, используется местоимение they, а в словах автора wanted to know:
He said: “Come here”. – He told them to come up to him.
He said: “Where are you going?” – He wanted to know/wondered where they we going.
Кроме слова said используются глаголы, выражающие характер прямой речи:
Для передачи общих вопросов используется if или whether.
Вопросительные предложения передаются с прямым порядком слов: He asked me if/whether they were at home.
В вопросительном предложении с глаголом-связкой порядок слов может быть обратным: He asked me what was the price.