copy and complete the table. use the
words: hasn't, have, haven't. find
examples in the texts on p. 30.
affirmative
l/you have walked/done i/you've walked/done
he/she/it has walked/ he/she/it's walked/
done
done
we/you/they
we/you/they've
1) walked/done walked/done
negative
long form
short form
l/you have not 1/you haven't
walked/done
walked/done
he/she/it has not he/she/lt 2)
walked/done
walked/done
we/you/they have not we/you/they 3) ..
walked/done
walked/done
form: have/has + past participle
use: we use the present perfect for:
• actions which started in the past and continue
to the present. they have been here since 2008.
• life experiences. (time isn't stated) i've tried
chinese food.
actions that happened in the past and we can see
their results in the present. she's broken her leg.
(when? we don't know, but we can see that her
leg is in plaster.)
compare: he has gone to niagara falls. (he's still there.)
he has been to niagara falls. (he's back now.)
time expressions with the present perfect:
since, for, never, ever, yet, already, just, this week, etc.

Ilike to read books. as a rule, my favorite books are fantasy. now i read books of maryna and sergij dyachenko. they are very interesting. the latest book which i have read is "king's promise". it is so interesting and leave a deep impressiin on me. this book is about girl-wizard lina lapkina. she meets king oberon and go with he to magic country. lina helps her new friends. thanks to this book i know that all is possible. i think it is really worth to read. this literary work influence me, help me relax. i rate it everybody

Ilive in kirov. this is my home town. kirov (which was known as vyatka at the beginning of the 20th century) is located in the north-east of russia, and it is an administrative, economic, educational and cultural center of kirov region. my town is neither small, nor too big. its population is slightly less than 500 thousand people.я живу в кирове. это мой родной город. киров (который был известен как вятка в начале 20 века) расположен на северо-востоке россии и является административным. образовательным и культурным центром кировской области. мой город не маленький, но и не слишком большой. его население чуть менее 500 тысяч человек.of course, kirov is not an ideal place to live. most people who come to my town for the first time say that it is grey, dirty and miserable. they get irritated with narrow streets and poor roads quality. and finally, they say that life in such a place should be rather depressing. certainly, i am well aware of all the problems of my town. and still i think everything is not so bad. despite all the issues mentioned, kirov has got some specific features that make me love it. and i want to tell about these features.конечно, киров – не идеальное место для жизни. большинство людей, которые приезжают в мой город в первый раз, говорят, что он серый, грязный и унылый. их раздражают узкие улицы и плохое качество дорог. и, в конце концов, они говорят, что жизнь в таком месте должна быть депрессивной. конечно, я хорошо осведомлена о всех проблемах моего города. и все же я считаю, что не все так плохо. несмотря на все упомянутые проблемы, киров обладает некоторыми особенными чертами, за которые я его люблю. и я хочу рассказать об этих особенностях.