Exercise 1. Think of the possible collocability of the words listed below. Provide your classification of the word-groups according to their head words. E.G. Initiative n:peace initiative (nominal), to act/de smth. on one's initiative, to take the initiative, to show/ display the initiative, to brake initiative (verbal) etc Exercise 2. Match the numbers on the left with the letters on the right. 1.dark a. certainty 2.dead b. drugs 3.dirty c. horse 4.easy d. line 5.hard e. one 6.high f. option 7.last g. spirits 8.number h. times 9.package i. tour 10.party j. supply 11.short k. word 12.soft l. work
Exercise 3. Read the text and insert the words missed. 1)Why do you always give me the ... to do - why don't you give it to someone else for a change ? 2)She is a very stubborn person and always insists on having the ... 3)The MP was criticised by the Prime Minister for not towing the ... 4)Good jobs are in ... these days so you'll just have to take what you can get. 5) How do you feel about the use of...
Exercise 4. Read the text and be prepared to discuss it. In his book "Language" Leonard Bloomfield presents the following classification, illustrated by means of examples taken from English. A. Endocentric constructions: 1) coordinative (or serial) and 2) subordinative (or attributive). B. Exocentric constructions. Bloomfield's classification is made by means of criterion of distribution, i.e. syntactic use, in about the following way. A group is called coordinative, if it has the same distribution as two or more of its members: boys and girls; bread and butter; coffee, tea and milk. A group is called subordinative, if it has the same distribution as one of its members: fresh milk, very fresh. In "fresh milk" the member "milk" is called the "head" and "fresh"- the "adjunct". Coordinative and subordinative groups are called "endocentric". A group is called exocentric, if it has a distribution different from either of the members, e.g. John ran; with John; if John ran away, (greater) than - John(...) (A. William de Groot. Classification of Word-Groups). Answer the following questions: 1.What is the criterion of Bloomfield's classification of word-groups ? 2.What is the difference between coordinative and subordinative groups in Bloomfield's classification ? 3.What are the distinguishing features of endocentric and exocentric word-groups
Exercise 5. Listed below are some words with a very narrow range of combinability. (1) Find words they go with to produce free word combinations in the second list (2). (1)Aquiline a, be thwarted in V, catholic a, shrug v, tacky a, tick v, wistful a, wolf v. (2)shoulders, profile, plans, paint, tastes, eyes, nose, food, aims, sympathies, mood, varnish, expression, watch, manner, ambitions, meter, interests.
Exercise 6. Complete the following sentences with appropriate verbs which are frequently collocated with the given nouns. State the type of these word-groups. 1. Although our company wants to expand rapidly, we mustin mind that we have limited cash to do so. 2. It is important to ... into account all options before... a decision. 3. The Financial Director has the conclusion that we must reduce costs by 10%. 4. Finally, the Chairman his opinion about the matter. After we had listened to him, we were able to to an agreement. 5.Patricia .. an interesting suggestion at the meeting. 6.If we don't come up with new products, we the risk of falling behind our competitors. 7. Our chairman is too old for the job. Some of the directors have pressure on him to resign. 8. The writer has some recommendations in his report. 9. What conclusion have you , . from the facts given in his letter ? 10. I have a great deal of thought to our financial problems. 11. After five hours' negotiation, we finally... agreement. 12. I don't want to , action until I've heard everyone's opinion
In Brief:
The effects of human-caused global warming are happening now, are irreversible on the timescale of people alive today, and will worsen in the decades to come.
Global climate change has already had observable effects on the environment. Glaciers have shrunk, ice on rivers and lakes is breaking up earlier, plant and animal ranges have shifted and trees are flowering sooner.
Effects that scientists had predicted in the past would result from global climate change are now occurring: loss of sea ice, accelerated sea level rise and longer, more intense heat waves.
Taken as a whole, the range of published evidence indicates that the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Scientists have high confidence that global temperatures will continue to rise for decades to come, largely due to greenhouse gases produced by human activities. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which includes more than 1,300 scientists from the United States and other countries, forecasts a temperature rise of 2.5 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit over the next century.
According to the IPCC, the extent of climate change effects on individual regions will vary over time and with the ability of different societal and environmental systems to mitigate or adapt to change.
The IPCC predicts that increases in global mean temperature of less than 1.8 to 5.4 degrees Fahrenheit (1 to 3 degrees Celsius) above 1990 levels will produce beneficial impacts in some regions and harmful ones in others. Net annual costs will increase over time as global temperatures increase.
"Taken as a whole," the IPCC states, "the range of published evidence indicates that the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time." 1-2
Future Effects
Some of the long-term effects of global climate change in the United States are as follows, according to the Third and Fourth National Climate Assessment Reports:
Change Will Continue Through This Century and Beyond
Global climate is projected to continue to change over this century and beyond.
Global climate is projected to continue to change over this century and beyond. The magnitude of climate change beyond the next few decades depends primarily on the amount of heat-trapping gases emitted globally, and how sensitive the Earth’s climate is to those emissions.
Объяснение:
Task 1
1)b
2)c
3)b
4) a
5) d
6 d
7) c
8) c
9) a
Task 2
1) lived in a big city
2)Maggy
3) She went to the city by train
4)many beautiful houses, shops, parks and squares, there were a lot of buses, cars, trams and trolley-buses in the streets
5)Maggy was glad to see her friend
6)Minny said, “Oh, of course, I like the city
7) big black cat in the Kitchen
8)Then Maggy had an idea, “Let’s buy a TV-set for the cat
9)They went to the shop and bought a TV-set
10)Every day the cat sat down to watch TV
11)mice came to the kitchen to eat corn and cheesе.
Task 3
1) A
2)B
3)B
Аудирование номер 2 нет