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The Roman Empire became extremely strong in the 1st century BC. This Empire was the last and greatest civilization of the ancient world.At that time two thousand years ago the Celtic people were still living in tribes. And Roman society, of course, was very much different from the Celts in many ways.Romans first attacked Britain in 55–54 BC under Julius Caesar. But they really conquered Britain in the 1st century Anno Domini (AD) ['ænəu 'dɔmInaI], in 43 AD when the Roman Emperor Claudius decided to make Britain part of the Roman Empire. And Britain became one of its numerous provinces. They forced the population to pay tribute.The Romans kept their armies in Britain. They had the country under control. They drove their barbaric enemies, the Scots to the mountains of Ireland and the Picts to the mountains of the far north. To protect themselves from the attacks of the Picts, the Romans built the wall known as Hadrian’s Wall. Hadrian’s Wall (120 kilometres long and four metres high (see the map, p.20) was built by Emperor Hadrian and is well-known all over the world.But from the 3rd century the Scots, "the tattooed ones", from the mountains of Ireland and the Picts from present-day Scotland began to press Hadrian’s wall.As for the Britons, the Romans remained in control of Pretony (that is how they called Britain using its Greeco-Roman name) for nearly 400 years.The Britons (the descendants of the Celts) had given history a famous figure Boadicea [‚bouədI'si:ə] (orBoudicca [bu:'ðIkə]). There is a monument to this fearless queen in London opposite Big Ben. It depicts herself driving a war chariot with two daughters lying dead at her feet.Many Britons obeyed the Romans. And it became clear that nothing could stop the Romans, but some of them revolted and in 61 AD the Iceni [aI'sInI] tribe (which is now East Anglia) led by their queen, Boadicea, revolted. She destroyed their capital Londinium (London now) before the Romans defeated her. Boudicea thought that death would be better than captivity and, as it is written in the history books, first she gave poison to her daughters and, then took it herself. When the Roman soldiers found her she was already dead.To this time perhaps belongs the origin of London as a city. There was certainly a place of some kind known as London at the time of the invasion under Claudius. London attained its importance under the Roman rule.They left the country only in the second half of the 5th century because the Roman army was called back to fight in Gaul [gɔ:l] (France) where it defended the cou

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Harrods is probably the world’s most famous shop. For Londoners, there is a love-hate relationship: most say they hate it but then assure you it is the best place for silk socks, toys, flowers, tea or whatever. Its 230 departments on five floors spread over twenty acres where 4 000 staff serve 50 000 customers. There are six restaurants, five bars, a library, bank, pet shop, dry cleaners, everything from Indian cigarettes to domestic equipment to buy, a ticket agency and departments for christening, weddings and funerals. Not content with selling everyone else’s goods, Harrods own-make goods fill an in-house shop and Harrods green buses do London tours. Henry Charles Harrod, a tea merchant, founded the institution with a small grocery shop and was pleased if his weekly takings were twenty pounds. But some years later his son had takings 1000 pounds a week and then lost everything in the fire. Then he wrote to his customers: “I greatly regret to inform you, that in consequence of the above premises being burnt down, your order will be delayed in the execution for a day or two”. Such service drew more buyers. In 1901 the store was designed with mosaic friezes and tiles in the Food Halls. At all times there are so many people in the store that it is easy to lose the way. Information desks inside most entrances will help you to find your way in the stores as well as “The Store Guide”.   Шопинг в Лондоне Хэрродс, наверное, наиболее известный магазин в мире.

Для лондонцев, это отношения любовной ненависти: большинство говорят, что они ненавидят его, но потом заверяют вас, что это лучшее место для шелковых носков, игрушек, цветов, чая или любого другого товара. Его 230 департаментов и пять этажей распространены на более чем двадцати акрах, где 4 000 сотрудников работают с 50 000 клиентов.

Здесь есть шесть ресторанов, пять баров, библиотека, банк, зоомагазин, химчистка, все от индийских сигарет до бытового оборудования для покупок, билетные учреждения и ведомства для крещения, свадьб и похоронов.

Не ограничиваясь продажей чужих товаров, собственные товары Хэрродса заполняют  магазины, а зелёные автобусы с маркой Хэрродс курсируют по Лондону.

Генри Чарльз Харрод, торговец чаем, основал небольшой продуктовый магазин и был рад, если  его еженедельная выручка была двадцать фунтов. Но несколько лет спустя его сын  имел уже 1000 фунтов выручки в неделю, а затем потерял все в огне. Тогда он написал своим клиентам: "Я с большим сожалением сообщаю Вам, что в силу того, что помещения сожжены, ваш заказ будет задержан в исполнение на день или два". Это привлекло ещё больше покупателей. В 1901 году магазин была украшен  мозаичным фризом и плиткой в продуктовых залах.

В любое время в магазине столько людей, что можно легко заблудиться. Справочные бюро внутри Вам найти свой путь в магазине, а также "Путеводитель по магазину".