Irkutsk city - the Wooden Capital of Eastern Siberia
A city at crossroads. Irkutsk history.
Irkutsk is a unique old city, the ancient crossroad of trade routes. It is located in Eastern Siberia, on the banks of the Angara River, at the confluence with the Irkut River (hence the name of the city), 66 km to the west of Lake Baikal, about 5,200 km to the east of Moscow.
Irkutsk was founded as a wooden fortress in 1661 on the right bank of the Angara and declared a city in 1686. That time, it was a small settlement playing the role of a gold and fur trade center. From the beginning of the 19th century, Siberia in general and Irkutsk in particular became the place where a lot of Russian officers and nobles were exiled for taking part in Decembrist uprising.
Electricity came to Irkutsk in 1896, the first theater - in 1897, and the railway station - in 1898. In the 19th century Irkutsk was called "Siberian Paris". The city was one of the centers of Bolshevik Revolution resistance during the Russian Civil War. The city and surrounding territories were heavily industrialized during the Soviet period.
Modern Irkutsk is a historical city, which combines magnificence and unique nature of a historical center with blocks of modern buildings, traditions of the most intelligent and educated Siberian city with modern industrial, research and educational potential. Even today, Irkutsk still remains at crossroads of transportation routes, which bind the West and the East of Russia and connect Russia with China and Mongolia. It is a large scientific and educational center with more than one hundred thousand students. Irkutsk is a home city for the Siberian branch of the Academy of Sciences of Russia.
Nowadays Irkutsk is the sixth largest city in Siberia, the capital of the Irkutsk region. The population of Irkutsk is about 620,000 (2015), the area - 432 sq. km.
*1 . Find in the text the sentences with Passive Voice.
EXAMPLES: It is located in Eastern Siberia.
Irkutsk was founded as a wooden fortress in 1661.

Once there used to be in the world a poor widow, and she had only one son, Jack, and a cow Belyanka. But once Belyanka not give milk, and they just do not know what to do.
- How can we be? - He repeated the mother, wringing her hands.
- Cheer up, Mom! - Jack said. - I will hire someone to work.
- Yes, you're really trying to be hired, but no one will take - the mother replied. - No, it is clear we have to sell our Belyanko and used the money to open a shop or some other thing to do.
- Well, well, my mother - Jack agreed. - Today is just a market day, and I vividly selling Belyanko. And then we'll decide what to do.
So Jack took the reins and led the cow to the market. But I did not have time to move away as he met with some wonderful old man.
- Good morning, Jack! - Said the old man.
- Good morning to you too! - Jack said, and he wonders where the old man knows what his name is?
- Well, Jack, where the way you hold? - Asked the old man.
- At the bazaar, to sell the cow.
- So-so! To sell the cows and how is not for you! - The old man laughed. - And Tell me how many beans you need to get five?
- Exactly two in each hand, but one in your mouth! - Jack said he was not a fool.
- Right! - Said the old man. - Look, here they are, the best beans! - And the old man pulled out a handful of some strange beans. - And now that you're so clever, - continued the old man, - I do not mind you change - you beans, my cow!
- Go-ka you my dear! - Jack angry. - That's better be!
- Uh, yes you do not know what kind of beans, - said the old man. - Plant them in the evening and in the morning they will grow up to the sky.
- Yah? True? - Jack was surprised.
- Very true! And if not - zaberesh his cow back.
- Okay! - Jack said: Belyanko gave the old man, and the beans are placed in a pocket.
Jack turned back and came home early - not yet dark.
- How! You've come back, Jack? - He surprised his mother. - I see Belyanko you do not, then you sold it? How much do you give for it?
- You'll never guess, my mother! - Jack said.
- Yah? Oh my good! Five pounds? Ten? Fifteen? Well, it's twenty-something would not give!
- I said - you can not guess! What you say here about these beans? They're magic. Plant them in the evening and ...
- What?! - Jack's mother cried. - Yes it really you are so fool a fool, a donkey that gave my Belyanko, most dairy cow in the neighborhood, and besides, a smooth, well-fed, for a handful of some nasty beans? It is for you! It is for you! It is for you! And your precious beans - get them out of the window .. Well, now alive to sleep! And there do not ask - still not received any sip, a bite!
So Jack went up to his attic, in a small room, a sad-pregrustny: and his mother was sorry, and he was left without dinner.
Finally, he is still asleep.
And when I woke up, I could hardly recognize her room. The sun lit up only one corner, and around it was dark-dark.
Jack jumped out of bed, dressed, and went to the window. And what did he see? Yes, something like a large tree. And this is his beans sprouted. Mother Jack evening threw them out the window into the garden, they have sprouted, and a huge stalk all stretched and stretched up and up until it rose to the sky. It turns out, the old man spoke some truth!
Beanstalk grew up right next to the window Dzhekova. Here, Jack opened the window and jumped on the stem and climbed up the stairs like. And I climbed, and climbed, and climbed, and climbed, and climbed, and climbed, until finally, he reached up to the sky. There he saw a long and wide road, straight as an arrow. I went down this road, and all walked and walked and walked until he came to a huge, enormously tall house. And the threshold of the house stood a huge, enormous very tall woman.

Murat Abenovich Aitkhozhina - a specialist in the field of molecular biology and biochemistry, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR (1983), Doctor of Biological Sciences (1977), Professor (1980), winner of the Lenin Prize (1976), a disciple of Academician A. Spirin. Biography In 1962 he graduated from the Kazakh State University named after SM Kirov in 1965 - graduate of Moscow State University named after MV Lomonosov. In 1965-1967 he worked as a junior researcher in the years 1967-1969 as a senior research associate at the Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR. In 1969-1978 years - head of the laboratory, in the years 1978-1983 - Director of the Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR. In 1983-1987 years - Director of the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR. In 1986-1987 - President of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR.Contribution to science Aitkhozhina Murat was the founder of molecular biology and biotechnology in Kazakhstan. Aitkhozhina one of the first in the world of science conducted a comparative study of the protein synthesizing system in higher organisms, engaged in the search and study of physical and chemical properties informosom in plant cells in the group of Academician A. Spirin. Group opened informosom plant classes - free cytoplasmic, polysome-associated and nuclear, including RNA-binding proteins. In 1983 Aitkhozhina organized by the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR. In 1987, it was organized by the Kazakh Agricultural Biotechnology Center, which works on the cellular and genetic engineering of plants.Murat Aitkhozhina the first to introduce a course in molecular biology and a number of special courses for students of biological faculty of Kazakh State University. Under the leadership of Aitkhozhina it was designed set of instruments for the automation of molecular biological experiments, which was protected by 15 copyright certificates and 16 patents in the leading countries. Awards Lenin Prize (1976) - for the series of works "Discovery informosom - a new class of intracellular particles." Listed in the "Golden Book of Honor of the Kazakh SSR" (1974). Gold Medal of the Soviet Peace Fund (1987). Order of Friendship of Peoples (1987).