История английского языка 1. Determine the stem types of “dæʒ” and “lāf”, using for reference the Gothic forms “dagam” and “laibōm”, where the original stem suffix was preserved.
2. sē dēāda man :: þā menn – identify the noun forms and state what process caused the root vowel change. What declension type is characterized by this process?
3. Name the stem building suffix in “pleʒan”. What nouns in Russian belong to the same type?
4. Comment on the noun case inflexions –e and –um in “dæʒe, āde” (cf. German am Tage, zu Hause); milum (cf. Russian дням, людям).
5. Give the plural form of the neuter nouns land, hors used in the text. How can you account for the peculiaruty of forming their plural?
6. Without consulting the glossary determine the gender of the noun dǣl.
7. State grammatical characteristics of all the nouns in the text (stem suffix, number, gender, case).
8. Give Nom sg, Nom pl, Gen sg of the following words: dæʒe, lāfe, pleʒan, mīle, tūne, man, lande.
9. Comment on the phonetic correspondences between the OE numeral fīf and its Greek counterpart pente. Give its cognates in Russian (native and borrowed).
10. Observe the form beran used in the text. On the basis of its Russian counterpart беру, брать restore the initial consonant of its cognates in Latin and Indo-European.
In the past Rostov was a small town with small population. But now the territory of Rostov-on-Don is 380 square kilometres and the population is more than one million people.
Our city is a big industrial, scientific and cultural centre in the South of Russia. The plant “Rostselmash” is known not only in our country but abroad as well.
The largest scientific and educational establishment is the Rostov State University, which was founded in 1915 and now has more then ten faculties.
In Rostov there are four theatres: Gorky Drama Theatre, Musical Comedy, Puppet Show, Theatre of Young Spectators. The Gorky Theatre is surrounded by a large park named after the October Revolution. It is one of many parks and gardens which make Rostov a green town and where Rostovites like to walk on a nice sunny day.
During the Second World War Rostov-on-Don was occupied twice (1941 and 1942). The war cost Rostovites huge losses in life. That is why in the city there are a lot of monuments devoted to the war years and people who gave their lives for our peaceful life.
Rostov-on-Don is a large transport centre. It is not only a big knot of railways and airways but it is also the port of five seas (the Baltic, the White, the Caspian, the Black and the Sea of Asov).
Nowadays Rostov-on-Don as many other cities and villages in Russia is undergone the process of economical changes. But we hope that in some years people will be able to overpass all the difficulties and Rostov-on-Don will occupy its place of one of the biggest industrial cities of Russia.
Explanation: In this sentence, "a" is used before "bad mark" because it refers to a non-specific mark. "The" is used before "mark" because it refers to a specific mark that was mentioned before.
2. We have a new student in the class. The student comes from Peru.
Explanation: "a" is used before "new student" because it refers to a non-specific student. "The" is used before "student" because it refers to a specific student that was mentioned before.
3. The Adriatic Sea is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea.
Explanation: "The" is used before "Adriatic Sea" because it is a specific sea that is known to both the speaker and the listener.
4. The Volga flows from the Voldai Hills to the Caspian Sea.
Explanation: "The" is used before "Volga" because it is a specific river that is known to both the speaker and the listener. "The" is used before "Caspian Sea" because it is a specific sea that is known to both the speaker and the listener. "The" is used before "Voldai Hills" because it refers to specific hills that were mentioned before.
5. The pupil showed Europe, Asia, North, and South America, and Africa on the map, but he completely forgot about Australia.
Explanation: "The" is used before each continent (Europe, Asia, North America, South America, Africa) because they are known and specific continents. "The" is also used before "map" because it refers to a specific map that was mentioned before. However, "Australia" does not have an article before it because it is not mentioned as a specific location before.
6. I saw a beautiful dress in the shop, but the dress was too expensive.
Explanation: "A" is used before "beautiful dress" because it refers to a non-specific dress. "The" is used before "dress" because it refers to a specific dress that was mentioned before. "The" is also used before "shop" because it refers to a specific shop that is known to both the speaker and the listener.
7. There is a new dictionary on sale now. The dictionary gives 20,000 words.
Explanation: "A" is used before "new dictionary" because it refers to a non-specific dictionary. "The" is used before "dictionary" because it refers to a specific dictionary that was mentioned before.
8. I found a kitten in the street and brought it home, but my mother is against the poor animal.
Explanation: "A" is used before "kitten" because it refers to a non-specific kitten. "The" is not used before "animal" because there is no specific animal mentioned before.
9. I usually have a cup of tea with sandwiches for breakfast.
Explanation: "A" is used before "cup of tea" because it refers to a non-specific cup of tea. "Sl." is not a widely known abbreviation, so it is not clear what it refers to. Assuming it means "Slovenian," "breakfast" is not mentioned as a specific meal before.
10. The Swiss Alps are a good place to go to if you like skiing.
Explanation: "The" is used before "Swiss Alps" because it refers to a specific mountain range that is known to both the speaker and the listener. "A" is used before "good place" because it refers to a non-specific place.