Local cheeses
Traditional cheeses a (produce) are produced in many regions of the UK and b (name) after the area in which they c (first develop) Cheddar, a hard cheese with a strong, nutty taste, is the most popular and d (now make) all over the world. A ‘true’ Cheddar must come from the counties of Somerset, Dorset or Devon in southwest England or specifically from the Somerset village from which it e (take) its name. Wensleydale f (come) from the Yorkshire Dales (valleys) in northern England. Originally made from sheep’s milk, it g (base) on a recipe introduced by the Cistercian monks in the 11th century and has a mild refreshing flavour. Traditional Lancashire, from northwest England, has a light, salty flavour. During the Industrial Revolution (around 1760-1830), Lancashire cheese h (become) the staple food of the mill workers. Caerphilly, a crumbly cheese, i (first produce) in the Welsh town of that name in about 1831. The cheese j (soak) overnight in salt water to seal in the moisture. It was popular with the local coalminers who k (lose) a lot of salt during their work underground. Blue Stilton, made only in the counties of Leicestershire, Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire, l (prize) as the ‘king’ of British cheeses.
2) без контекста честно говоря перевести сложно. у слова plant оказывается очень много значений. но в данном случае, мне кажется, наиболее логично будет выглядеть так: "Наш завод, производящий сложное оборудование, очень большой. Причастие выполняет функцию причастного оборота.
3) "На конференции не было представлено никаких данных". Функция именной части сказуемого.
вот со вторым заданием вряд ли на мой взгляд и 2 и 3 подходит под независимый причастный оборот, выполняющий функцию причины
1) They were Norsemen of Scandinavia who in their ships braved Arctic seas to make their way to Greenland in 985 AD.
to make -- an adverbial modifier of purpose обстоятельство цели
2) Their method of reading was to read one line from left to right, then to come back and to read the next from right to left.
to read, to come back, to read – part of a predicate (predicative) именная часть сказуемого
3) To preserve the traditions under these circumstances was very difficult and they were not preserved.
to preserve -- subject подлежащее
4) The right to organize a guild was granted to the first towns by the owner of the land who might be the king, abbot or some other powerful lord.
to organize -- attribute определение
be – part of a compound verbal modal predicate часть составного глагольного модального сказуемого