Mikhail lomonosov was born in 1711 in the family of a fisherman in the northern coastal village of denisovka not far from archangelsk. when he was ten years of age his father began to take him sea fishing. the dangerous life of a fisherman taught him to observe the natural phenomena more closely. during the long winter nights young lomonosov studied his letters, grammar and arithmetic diligently. being the son of a peasant, he was refiised admission to the local school. after some years, through concealing his peasant origin, he gained admission to the slavonic-greek-latin academy and for five years lived a hand-to-mouth existence on three kopecks a day. the noblemen's sons studying with him made fim of the twenty-year-old giant who, in spite of the years and his own poverty, made rapid progress. after five years came the chance of entering the academy of sciences, as there were not enough noble-born students to fill the quota. his ability and diligence attracted the attention of the professors and as one of three best students he was sent abroad. he spent all the time there studying the works of leading european scientists in chemistry, metallurgy, mining and mathematics. on his return to russia in 1745 he was made a professor and was the first russian scientist to become a member of the academy of sciences. for versatility lomonosov has no equal in russian science. many of his ideas and discoveries only won recognition in the nineteenth century. he was the first to discover the vegetable origin of coal, for instance, and as a poet and scientist he played a great role in the formation of the russian literary language, eliminating distortions and unnecessary foreign words. he died in 1765. his living memorial is the moscow university, which he founded in 1755. ответьте на вопросы к тексту: 1. what kind of family was lomonosov born in? 2. what kind of childhood had he? 3. how did he gain admission to the slavonic-greek-latin academy? 4. what kind of existence did he live during his studies? 5. why was he able to enter the academy of sciences? 6. what part did lomonosov play in science?

ответы на вопросы:

1. Lomonosov was born in the family of a fisherman.

2. When he was ten years of age his father began to take him sea fishing. The boy studied his letters, grammar and arithmetic himself, he couldn't go to the local school.

3. He gained admission to the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy through concealing his peasant origin.

4. During his studies he lived a hand-to-mouth existence on three kopecks a day.

5. He was able to enter the Academy of Sciences because there were not enough noble-born students to fill the quota.

6. Lomonosov played a great role in Russian science.  Many of his ideas and discoveries only won recognition in the nineteenth century. (Lomonosov's interests ranged from history, rhetoric, art and poetry to mechanics, chemistry, mineralogy.)

*Перевод текста:

Михаил Ломоносов родился в 1711 году в семье рыбака в северной прибрежной деревне Денисовка недалеко от Архангельска. Когда ему было десять лет, отец стал брать его на рыбалку. Опасная жизнь рыбака научила его более пристально наблюдать за явлениями природы. В течение долгих зимних ночей молодой Ломоносов старательно учил азбуку, грамматику и арифметику.

Так как он был сыном крестьянина, ему отказали в зачислении в местную школу. Спустя несколько лет, скрывая свое крестьянское происхождение, он поступил в Славяно-греко-латинскую академию и в течение пяти лет сводил концы с концами на три копейки в день. Сыновья дворян, обучавшиеся с ним, смеялись над двадцатилетним великаном, который, несмотря на возраст и нищету, быстро продвигался вперед в учёбе.

Через пять лет у него появилась возможность поступить в Академию наук, поскольку для заполнения квоты не хватало студентов дворянского происхождения. Его и трудолюбие привлекли внимание профессоров и как одного из трех лучших учеников, его отправили за границу. Там он тратил все свое время на изучение работ ведущих европейских ученых по химии, металлургии, горному делу и математике. По возвращении в Россию в 1745 году он стал профессором и первым российским ученым-членом Академии наук.

По многогранности Ломоносов не имеет равных в русской науке. Многие его идеи и открытия были признаны лишь в девятнадцатом веке. Он, например, первым открыл растительное происхождение угля, а в качестве поэта и ученого он сыграл большую роль в формировании русского литературного языка, устраняя искажения и ненужные иностранные слова. Он умер в 1765 году. Его живой мемориал - Московский университет, основанный им в 1755 году.