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buenos aires
i may live in a south american city, but it has as much in common with european cities as it does with other cities on this continent. most people live in apartment blocks with open balconies - much like madrid, paris or rome - and the city's 9th de julio street is the world's widest avenue.
for this country, the city is huge - about a third of the country's population lives in its metropolitan area. it is a lively place to live, especially at nighttime. most people go out to eat around 11pm, and then hit the bars around lam. and nightclubs don't even open until 3am!
there is a big dance scene here, and tango is currently making a comeback as young people pick up this traditional form of dance that was born here.
football is another big passion. maradona, possibly the best player ever, was born in boca, one of the poorer districts on the southern outskirts of the city. maradona used to play for the football club boca juniors and he is almost treated like a god here. another area of the city is home to river plate, another successful football club that is known as "the millionaire's club," since the players earn so much money.
two years ago, the city was in turmoil. the country's debt was out of control after the government had borrowed more and more from lenders overseas, and the economy had been poorly managed for years. as a desperate measure, the currency was devalued by two-thirds of its value. people reacted angrily as their savings and properties were suddenly worth so little. over that christmas/new year period, the streets were filled with ordinary people protesting. when some of the protests turned into riots, the authorities hit back with tear gas and showers of rubber bullets. it was chaos* and for the first time, serious crimes -including murder - became commonplace.
thankfully, the tension of those times has died down, and it feels like a peaceful, safe city again. with the devalued peso, most people can no longer afford to travel or buy things from abroad but they are getting on with their lives. with our new president, there is a feeling of optimism for the future. nevertheless, you can still see bullet holes in buildings, and many of our monuments are daubed with graffiti written by angry protesters.
завдання 2
questions 11 through 20 (on your answer sheet, circle the correct letter: a, b, c» or d.)
11.residents of buenos aires typically go out after dinner:
a.in a pub at one o'clock in the morning. b.in a bar at one o'clock in the afternoon.
c.in a cafe at 11 o'clock in the morning. d.in a bar at 11 o'clock at night.
12.the "millionaire's club" is:
a.the nickname of a big home in buenos aires. b.the place where football fans meet.
c.a club near the river. d.the nickname of a winning football team.
13.the author mentions all the following acts as results of difficult economic times except:
a.money was only worth one-third of its value.
b.authorities were angry during the christmas holidays.
c.criminals committed violent crimes.
d.the police shot at protesters.
14.one of the signs of hope mentioned by the author is that:
a.the peso has regained its value. b.people are buying more imported products.
c.there are bullet holes in local buildings. d.the crime rate has returned to its normal state.
15.we can understand that the author of the passage:
a.is proud of the many positive aspects of buenos aires.
b.approved of the violence during the protests.
c.approved of the former government's economic policies.
d. disapproves of the nightlife in buenos aires.
16.the word "turmoil" is a synonym of:
a.passion. b.chaos.
c.comeback. d.metropolitan.
17.the outskirts can be found in
a.a clothing shop. b.the city centerpiece.
c.the southern part of the country. d.the suburbs.
18.to compare buenos aires with european cities, the author mentions:
a.wide avenues. b.balconies.
c.football players. d.nightclubs.
19.two years ago, the people of buenos aires were angry because:
a.their homes and savings accounts lost their value.
b.the people were protesting in the streets.
c.the police were shooting at protestors.
d.lenders borrowed more money from the bank.
20.the tango is:
a.a type of nightclub. b.the modern dance craze.
c.a popular argentine snack. d.a dance native to buenos aires.
Изменение поведения
Существуют доказательства того, что такой подход, основанный на обратной связи изменить поведение людей и может улучшить их здоровье. Мы также знаем, что сравнение со сверстниками очень эффективно. В одном из примеров, NHS отслеживало, сколько врачей-антибиотиков назначали препараты, и отправляло им письма, в которых говорилось, что они назначают намного больше, чем их коллеги. Проект NHS обошелся в 4000 фунтов стерлингов (по сравнению с альтернативной схемой стимулирования, которая стоила бы около 23 миллионов фунтов стерлингов) и позволил сократить назначение антибиотиков более чем на 3%.
Приложение и в ‘em. zigres
Мы уже видим, как подталкивание используется для изменения поведения людей другими в отношении COVID-19, например, когда NHS отправляет уязвимым людям предупреждение на самоизоляцию в течение 12 недель, вместе с инструкциями, которые им это сделать.
Приложения для отслеживания контактов предоставляют возможность познакомиться с дистанцированием, не требуя сбора или обмена новыми данными. Это похоже на относительно легкую победу, которую правительства должны серьезно рассмотреть, в то время как многие из этих приложений все еще находятся на стадии планирования и проектирования.