The first underground system was proposed by Charles Pearson in 1843. Twenty years later the first line of the London Underground was opened for traffic. In the early days, the trains were driven by steam locomotives, which burnt coal, filling the tunnels with smoke. It is said that the train staff and porters asked for a permission to grow beards and moustaches – as an early form of smog mask. The tunnels of the first underground were made as small as possible in order to reduce the construction costs. According to Pearson’s project, all lines were laid down close to the ground surface. The first escalator was also installed in theLondon Underground in 1911. The railways were prepared for any emergency that might occur. To minimize the danger of flooding the underground near the Thames, isolating doors were built in the tunnels. All the trains were equipped with special reduced lighting for using on open sections of track.
Ex.2. Choose the correct words to complete the questions.
How many students are there in your class?
Did you get a lot of birthday presents?
How much money do we need?
Have you got much homework for next week?
Are there a lot of computers in your school?
How many times a week do you cycle to school?
Is there a lot of pollution in your city?
Ex.3. Complete the text with where, which or who.
There is a teacher 1who is really cool. His name is Mr. Jackson. He’s the only teacher 2whodoesn’t own a car. He rides a really old bike 3which you can hear from miles away! He says he’s trying to save the planet. I try to do things 4which help the environment, too. At school I speak to students 5wholeave their rubbish in the wrong places. I say to them. There are recycling bins 6where you can put your old cans and paper. I want to live in a place 7where there isn’t rubbish everywhere. There is only one world 8which we can live in, so we must look after it!
I’ve got much of homework tonight.
There isn’t much of chocolate in the fridge.
We need much of bread for the sandwiches.
Does your car use much of fuel?
My sister eats much of pasta.
Ex.2. Choose the correct words to complete the questions.
How many students are there in your class?
Did you get a lot of birthday presents?
How much money do we need?
Have you got much homework for next week?
Are there a lot of computers in your school?
How many times a week do you cycle to school?
Is there a lot of pollution in your city?
Ex.3. Complete the text with where, which or who.
There is a teacher 1who is really cool. His name is Mr. Jackson. He’s the only teacher 2whodoesn’t own a car. He rides a really old bike 3which you can hear from miles away! He says he’s trying to save the planet. I try to do things 4which help the environment, too. At school I speak to students 5wholeave their rubbish in the wrong places. I say to them. There are recycling bins 6where you can put your old cans and paper. I want to live in a place 7where there isn’t rubbish everywhere. There is only one world 8which we can live in, so we must look after it!