найти Причастие II In 1948 due to the invention of transistors there appeared the possibility to replace vacuum tubes. The transistor occupied an important place on the way to computer development. The potential advantage of the transistor over the vacuum tube was almost as great as that of the vacuum tube over the relay. A transistor can switch flows of electricity as fast as the vacuum tubes used in computers, but the transistors use much less power than equivalent vacuum tubes, and are considerably smaller. Transistors are less expensive and more reliable. They were mechanically rugged, had practically unlimited life and could do some jobs better than electronic tubes. Transistors were made of crystallic solid material called semiconductor. With the transistor came the possibility of building computers with much greater complexity and speed.
The integrated circuit constituted another major step in the development of computer technology. Until 1959 the fundamental logical components of digital computers were the individual electrical switches, first in the form of relays, then
vacuum tubes, then transistors. In the vacuum tubes and relaystages, additional discrete components, such as resistors, inductors, and capacitors were required in order to make the whole system work. These components were generally each
about the same size as packaged transistors. Integrated circuit technology permitted the elimination of some of these components and integration of most of the others on the same chip of semiconductor that contains the transistor. Thus the basic logic element — the switch, or "flip-flop', which required two separate transistors and some resistors and capacitors in the early 1950s, could be packaged into a single small unit in 1960. The chip was an important achievement in the accelerating step of computer technology.
In 1974 a company in New Mexico, called Micro Instrumentation Telemetry System (MITS) developed the Altair 8800, a personal computer (PC) in a kit. The Altair had no keyboard, but a panel of switches with which to enter the information. Its capacity was less than one per cent that of the 1991 Hewlett-Packard handheld computer. But the Altair led to a revolution in computer electronics that continues today. Hardware manufacturers soon introduced personal computers, and software manufacturers began developing software to allow the computers to process words, manipulate data, and draw. During the 1980s computers became progressively smaller, better and cheaper.
Today the personal computer can serve as a work station for the individual. A wide array of computer functions are now accessible to people with no technical background.
Топик на английском по теме: Psychology / Психология
War / ВойнаSummary: Chapter 1- Human beings since the beginning of time have not been able to escape war. There has always been some sort of conflict between each other since the beginning of time. War always seems to bring a sense of reason with it or need to the people. It makes them feel like we are fighting for a just cause. This past century war has been at its worst. This last one hundred or so years have been the goriest of times. It seems like every so many years there is war being fought. People around the world today have had an urge to go to war, even though there might not be a exact cause of it. For example the two major wars in the past few decades: one being Vietnam, and the other in Iraq. There seems to be no exact cause of fighting in these wars. People better start to realize that war is not always the answer.
Summary Chapter 2- If you take a look back into history there have been a ton of wars fought before and after the birth of Christ. When the bombs were dropped in 1945, it has effected the world in more ways then we could have ever imagined. Peace in a way is a lot like war, because it takes more than one person to decide to have peace. It is a lot easier to go to war, then to have a peaceful settlement. There is always a need to take an eye for an eye. As Ghandhi once said «An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind». I think that statement is true when going to war, it never seems like anyone is the winner in the long run.
Summary Chapter 3- People often have a different reality then what is out there. Most people go through each day the same way. Well there are other things going on in the world that people have no reality of. They live in their own comfortable reality. We all have magical or mythical realities. This is where we fascinate about other parts outside
I live in a 5-stored block of flats in Yushno – Sakhalinsk. It’s not a very picturesque plaice but we have a yard and a Kodak Express under the window.
My flat is on the third floor. It’s very comfortable and well planed. I have all modern conveniences, such as central heating, electricity, cold and hot running water and a telephone. There are three rooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a balcony in it. The largest room in my flat is the living room. My family uses it as a sitting room. There is a sofa, two armchairs, a coffee table, a TV set and a VCR (video) in it.
We have two small rooms in our flat and one of them is my. It is not big but very cosy. There is a wardrobe near the wall and a desk near the window. My bad is at the left corner. I like my room wary much because it is my room.
Our kitchen is not very large but light. It’s very well equipped. We have got a refrigerator, a microwave oven, a coffee maker and a toaster. In evenings we like have tea and have rest in it.