ОООООЧЕНЬ
Read the text. Match the headings (A–G) to the paragraphs (19–24). There is one heading you DO NOT NEED to use.
A How football went around the world
B A brighter future for British sport?
C Britain: the home of sport?
D How a schoolboy changed the game of football
E The origins of modern football
F How tennis developed
G The authors of football rules
How the English Invented Sports
… then the rest of the world beat them at their own game!
19 Maybe the English are not world champions any more but they invented some of the world’s most popular sports. The modern games of football, tennis and rugby all started in England. Then others learned to play – and beat the English at their own game…
20 A form of football was played in China more than 2,500 years ago; the people in Florence have played a variation of football known as calcio storico since the sixteenth century. Three hundred years later, in 1848, two football players from Cambridge University first wrote down the rules of football. The first organized football club was Sheffield F.C. – it started in 1857 and is still in action today.
21 British sailors took football with them to the ports of Italy, Brazil and Argentina where the game quickly found new fans. A number of famous clubs in Spain, Italy and Argentina were founded by Englishmen. But while the rest of the world developed its football skills, England didn’t even play in the first three World Cups. When they finally entered for the first time in 1950, they lost their most important match – to the United States!
22 Like football, the game of rugby developed in England. According to legend, the game started when William Webb Ellis, a schoolboy at Rugby school, picked the ball up and ran with it. Again, it wasn’t long before the game spread abroad… and again, England started losing. New Zealand, South Africa and Australia have won the Rugby World Cup five times between them… England has won it just once!
23 A game called jeu de paume was played in France nearly 800 years ago. It was similar to tennis but players used their hands instead of a tennis racquet and the ball was made of leather. It was so hard that it could cause injury, or even death! Then in the 1870s, an English army officer developed the rules of modern lawn tennis. The game was played with racquets, and a lighter ball, made of rubber. Wimbledon Tennis Club held the first lawn tennis championship in 1877, and first seven champions were all English. Then the good news ended for English tennis. The last English tennis player to win Wimbledon was Virginia Wade in… 1977!
24 But perhaps things are changing. In 2013 and 2016 Andy Murrey, the famous tennis player, won Wimbledon, although he always points out that he is Scottish, not English. The 2012 Olympics took place in London. The British team won 65 medals. It was a record for the Great Britain and Northern Ireland team to win 67 medals at the Brazil Olympics in 2016. So hopes for the future Olympic Games in Japan are high!
Task 2
Read the text again and decide if the information in the sentences below is true (A), false (B) or non-stated (C) according to the text. The first sentence is done for you as an example.
0 Calcio storico is the oldest form of football that we know about. _B_
25. Sheffield Football Club has existed for more than 150 years. ___
26. Englishmen helped football become more popular in other countries. ___
27. William Webb Ellis wrote down the rules of rugby. ___
28. England has never won the Rugby World Cup. ___
29. The French invented a game similar to tennis in the 1870s. ___
30. Things are changing for the better for British sportsmen in this century. ___ Task 3
Read the text again. Find the word or phrase in the text to match the definitions and write them down. Please, remember about spelling and grammar.
Remember: n – noun, v – verb, adj – adjective.
31 a person or team that wins a competition (paragraph 1) (n)
32 they say what is allowed or not allowed in a sport or game (paragraph 2) (n)
33 having a major effect on something or someone (paragraph 3) (adj)
34 to become known about by more people and in more places (paragraph 4) (v)
35 to organize an event or meeting in a particular place (paragraph 5) (v)
36 the best achievement so far in a sport etc. (paragraph 6) (n)
1. Большую часть исходной информации собирают, задавая потребителям вопросы и наблюдая за их поведением.
2. This involves working (герундий) out the cost of particular business activities.
2. Это включает подсчет стоимости конкретных деловых операций.
3. Transporting (герундий) products is concerned with how goods can be physically delivered to markets.
3. При транспортировке товаров рассматривается их фактической доставки на рынки.
4. The next question of the discussion is making (герундий) a programme for the computer.
4. Следующий вопрос обсуждения - разработка программы для компьютера. 5. Of course we are limited today by computer size and especially by our understanding (герундий) of what we try to model.
5. Конечно, мы ограничены сегодня размером компьютера и особенно нашим пониманием того, что мы пытаемся смоделировать.
6. Adding numbers is the easiest process in the system of calculation. (герундий) 6. Сложение чисел является самым простым процессом в системе вычисления.
7. A new computer will be used for all types of data processing (герундий) and scientific data handling (герундий).
7. Новый компьютер будет использоваться для обработки всех типов данных и обработки научной информации.
8. Having made a great number of experiments with different devices the research group chose the best one for practical work. (причастие)
8. Сделав большое количество экспериментов с различными устройствами (После того как большое количество экспериментов с различными устройствами было проведено) , исследовательская группа выбрала лучшее для практической работы.
9. Having (герундий) more input units reduces the number of sorting passes but increases the number of computer comparisons and other operations on each pass.
9. Наличие большего количества устройств ввода сокращает количество проходов сортировки, но увеличивает число сравнительных и других операций при каждом проходе.
10. New technical developments have occurred for processing (герундий) educational data and for organizing (герундий) instructional material in the classroom.
10. Появились новые технические разработки для обработки данных, касающихся обучения и для организации учебного материала в классе.
2. He bought a new mobile phone this week and all the time playing with him
3. We have not yet studied this device
4. Last Tuesday we listened to a lecture on the computer's memory
5. Why did not you answer the question of the teacher in the previous lesson?
6. I have not seen Mary this week
7. You have studied computer input device?
8. I just replaced the hard drive, is now working on the computer a pleasure
9. I have just discussed the purchase of a new computer with parents
10. I did not repeat this poem last week
11. The teacher spoke about the output device, and now I'm writing a paper on the different types of printers
12. I just installed an anti-virus program on your computer
13. You have already viewed the e-mail? I sent you a letter yesterday
14. Last Wednesday, the lesson we listened to a lecture on new applications
15. I bought a new i-background last week
16. When you're finished reading this book?
17. He did not like the lecture, he did not write for a teacher
18. You have finished the discussion? Let's continue with the lesson.
19. Did you see Anna today?
20. The teacher has not come yet, we are waiting for him.