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bronchial biopsies mainly sample the proximal con- ducting airways and it has perhaps been surprising to find the extent of inflammation and remodelling which occurs rs throughout the relatively large airways in asthma. biop- sies sample only a fragment of the surface of a very large bronchial tree and it has been reassuring to note that the largest contribution to variation is between subjects rather than between distinct generations of airway. variation between biopsies taken from a single airway is relatively low but variation between step sections of a sin- gle biopsy is high and it is important to sample several random step sections of each biopsy to represent adequat- ely the inflammatory cell of interest . it is important to quantify separately distinct zones of the bronchial muc- osa. the inflammatory cell which predominates within the surface epithelium may be quite different to that in the tis- sue immediately beneath, or that which surrounds or is within the bronchial glands. for example, bronchoalveo- lar lavage (bal) fluid obtained from subjects with smok- ers bronchitis is rich in neutrophils yet it is our experience that the subepithelial tissues of bronchial bi- opsies obtained from these subjects show a scarcity of this cell type. however, examination following application of an antibody directed against neutrophil elastase shows an abundance of positive cross reactivity within the surface epithelium which is not found beneath it. this may, in part, explain the difference between the results of bal and biopsy. the correlations between cellular findings at bal, and biopsy are known to be poor, the correlations between bronchial brush biopsies and counts of surface epithelium obtained by biopsy are not known and these associations should be examined in the future. there is an association between eosinophil count in sputum and biop- sy suggesting this may be a less invasive way to assess eosinophil infiltration in the airway wall but the results for other cell types have been disappointing . it is the author's opinion that bronchial biopsy still remains the gold standard for assessing inflammatory events ongoing in the airway mucosa, and that other assessment techni- ques may provide complementary but information quite distinct from that obtained in biopsies.
The Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) - the war between the USSR, Germany and its allies in the framework of the Second World War on the territory of the USSR and Germany. Germany attacked the USSR on June 22, 1941 with the expectation of a short military campaign, but the war dragged on for several years and ended in the complete defeat of Germany. The main reason for the outbreak of World War II was the expansionism of the Third Reich and its desire for world domination. Hitler has repeatedly stated that his main opponent is the Soviet Union. The Great Patriotic War ended in the complete defeat of Germany and its allies. The USSR not only defended its independence, but also liberated the countries of Eastern and Central Europe from Nazism.
But the victory to the Soviet people went very hard. Over 27 million people died, thousands of cities and tens of thousands of villages were destroyed. Most of the infrastructure in the territories captured by the Germans was destroyed: enterprises, bridges, railways. Severe losses were suffered by agriculture, especially livestock. The Soviet Union lost over 30% of its national wealth.
2. We washed the floor in our flat yesterday. Мы мыли пол в нашей квартире вчера.
3. I went to the cinema 2 days ago. 2 дня назад я ходил в кино.
4. By 2 o\clock yesterday the teacher has examined all the students. К двум часам дня учитель уже принял экзамен у всех студентов вчера.
5. Kate gave me the book whıch she bought the day before. Кейт дала мне книгу, которую она купила за день до этого.
6. My brother didn't play tennis last week. Мой брат не играл в теннис на неделе