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a) what do carbohydrates, fats and proteins have in common? and
what do they differ in?
b) what are the main sources of proteins?
c) where are carbs present?
d) what types of fats do you know?
text 3b. carbohydrates, fats and proteins
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats supply 90 % of the dry weight of the
diet and 100 % ofits energy. all three provide energy in calories, but the amount
ofenergy in l gram differs: 4 calories in a gram of carbohydrate or protein and
9 calories in a gram of fat. these nutrients also differ in how quickly they
supplyenergy. carbohydrates are the quickest, and fats are the slowest.
proteins consist of amino acids: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
they must come from food because the body cannot manufacture them on its
own. foods rich in high-quality proteins are animal sources: meat, fish, poultry,
eggs, milk, and cheese. low-quality proteins are present in plant sources: grains,
fruits, vegetables, beans, nuts and seeds. adults need to eat about 60 grams of
proteins a day. children also need more because they are growing.
a carbohydrate is an organic compound consisting only of carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen. simple carbs are found naturally in fruits and dairy
products. examples of such foods include table sugar, corn syrup, soda, cakes,
cookies, and candy. refined carbs are present in processed foods: white pasta,
white rice, and sugary breakfast cereals. complex carbohydrates include beans,
whole-grain breads, rice, potatoes, and pasta. most authorities recommend about
55 % of carbohydrates in the daily diet.
fats are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. types of healthy fats include
monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and saturated. some other sources of good
fats involve almonds, avocados, flaxseed, olives and olive oil, peanuts and
peanut butter, sunflower seeds, walnuts. authorities generally recommend
limiting fats to 90 grams per day.
