Переведите текст и ответьте на вопросы. 1 read the text and translate the selected part into russian. the term “computer virus” the first use of the term virus to refer to unwanted computer code was by the science fiction author david gerrold. he wrote a series of short stories about a fictional g.o.d. machine (super computer) in the early 1970s that were later merged into a novel in 1972: when harlie was one. the description of virus in that book does not fit the currently-accepted, popular definition of computer virus - a program that alters other programs to include a copy of itself. fred cohen formally defined the term computer virus in 1983. at that time, cohen was a graduate student at the university of southern california attending a security seminar. something discussed in class inspired him to think about self-reproducing code. he put together a simple example that he demonstrated to the class. his advisor, professor len adleman, thinking about the behavior of this crea¬tion, suggested that cohen call his creation a computer virus. dr. cohen's ph.d. the¬sis and later research were devoted to computer viruses. actual computer viruses were being written by individuals before cohen, although not named such, as early as 1980 on apple ii computers. the first few viruses were not circulated outside of a small population, with the notable exception of the "elk cloner" virus released in 1981 on several bulletin board systems. although cohen and others, have attempted formal definitions of computer virus, none have gained widespread acceptance or use. this is a result of the difficulty in defining precisely the characteristics of what a virus is and is not. cohen's formal definition includes any programs capable of self-reproduction. thus, by his definition, programs such as compilers and editors would be classed as "viruses." there is the generally ac¬cepted view of computer viruses: a viruses is a piece of code with two characteristics: 1. at least a partially automated capability to reproduce. 2. a method of transfer which is dependent on its ability to attach itself to other computer entities (programs, disk sectors, data files, etc.) that move between these systems. 2 answer the questions. 1) when was the term “computer virus” defined? 2) what should a code have to be called a virus? 3) the popular definition of computer virus is that “it is a program that alters other programs to include a copy of itself”, isn’t it? 4) were the first viruses widely spread? 5) what does “self-reproduction” mean? 3 give the main idea of the whole text in 5-7 sentences.
