Переведите текст in civil law systems, there is a fundamental distinction drawn between private law public law which is much more firmly rooted, and more sharply drawn, than in common law and civil law systems recognise that private law governs relations between private citizens and corporations, and public law concert a dispute in which the state is a party. however, the distinction in civil law systems has far greater practical implications since there are two different hierarchies of courts dealing with each of these types of law. the main categories of english civil law are: contracts: binding agreements between people ( or companies). torts: wrongs committed by one individual against another individual's person, property or reputation. trusts: arrangements whereby a person administers property for another person's benefit rather than his own. probate: arrangements for dealing with property after the owner's death. land law: the legal rules governing land use and protection. areas of public law are constitutional law, administrative law and criminal law. constitutional law deals with the relationship between the state and individual and the relationship between different branches of the state, such as the executive the legislative and specified within a written constitutional document. however in the united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, due to bistorical and political reasons there does not exist one supreme written document. the uk has an onwritten constitutional- the constitutional of this state is usually found in statutes such as the magna carta,the petition of rights, the bill of rights, the act of secelement 1700 and the parliament act 1911 and parliament act 1949. administrative law refers to the body of law which regulatest managerial procedures and defenes the power of administrative agencies. these laws are anforced by the executive branch of a government rather than the judicial or legislative branches ( it they are different in that particular jurisdiction). this body of law regulates international trade, manufacturers, pollution, taxation and the like. this is sometimes seen as a subcategory of civil law and sometimes seen as public law as it deals with regulation and public institutions. criminal law involves the state imposing sanctions for crimes committed by individuals so that society can achieve justice and a peaceable social order. this differs from civil law in that civil actions are disputed between two parties that are not of significant public concern.
