Перевести текст new york stock exchange in the 18th century, stock traders conducted an outdoor market on wall street in lower manhattan to trade stocks and commodities. the market was very limited both by location and by weather, and when it became impossible to trade outside, the traders often moved indoors to coffeehouses, also located on wall street. this general locale became the site of stock trading in new york city. in 1791, the early stock market suffered a serious setback because of speculation by william duer, a former finance official during the continental congress. duer speculated heavily in land and became overextended in his dealings, causing the market to collapse. as a result, the traders realized that they needed to form an organization to control their own membership and organize the market. a meeting was held under a buttonwood tree and was known as the buttonwood agreement. it became the foundation for the new york stock & exchange board in 1817 and its successor, the new york stock exchange. the post-buttonwood brokers would meet daily to transact business in the securities of the day—mostly government bonds. from those humble beginnings emerged one of the world’s largest marketplaces, home to more than 3,000 listed securities and a daily volume in excess of a billion shares. with 1,366 seat-holders (memberships), the new york stock exchange (nyse) has attracted most of the world’s largest corporations to its listings and counts among its members firms representing most of the financial capital in the securities industry. the nyse has grown exponentially since its founding. stock tickers were first used in 1867, and the exchange experienced its first million share day in 1886. although it experienced many panics in the 19th century, the 1929 crash was the worst day in its recorded history. after world war ii, individual investors began returning to stock investments, and volume and activity began to increase. in 1972 the first salaried fulltime chairman, james needham, took office, and in 1975 the first consolidated ticker tape was introduced along with negotiated commissions.
