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1. What represents the functional organization of a computer?
2. What can we get by studying the functional organization?
3. What is the function of the input device?
4. What does memory serve for?
5. What is the task of the arithmetic-logical unit?
6. What is the function of the output?
7. What is the main purpose of the control unit?
8. How do all units of the computer communicate with each other?
9. What is the additional job of the input?
10. What is the additional function of the output?
As we know, all computer operations can be grouped into five functional categories. The method in which these five functional categories are related to one
another represents the functional organization of a digital computer. By studying
the functional organization, a broad view of the computer is received.
The five major functional units of a digital computer are: 1) Input — to insert
outside information into the machine; 2) Storage or memory — to store information and make it available at the appropriate time; 3) Arithmeticlogical unit — to
perform the calculations; 4) Output — to remove data from the machine to the outside world and 5) Control unit — to cause all parts of a computer to act as a team.
Figure 5 shows how the five functional units of the computer act together. A
com-plete set of instructions and data are usually fed through the input equipment
to the memory where they are stored. Each instruction is then fed to the control
unit. The control unit interprets the instructions and issues commands to the other
functional units to cause operations to be performed on the data. Arithmetic
operations are
performed in the arithmetic-logical unit, and the results are then fed back to the
memory. Information may be fed from either the arithmetic unit or the memory
through the output equipment to the outside world.
The five units of the computer must communicate with each other. They can do
this by means of a machine language which uses a code composed of combinations
of electric pulses. These pulse combinations are usually represented by zeros and
ones, where the one may be a pulse and the zero — a nopulse. Numbers are communicated between one unit and another by means of these one-zero or pulse — no
pulse combinations. The input has the additional job of converting the information
fed in by the operator into machine language. In other words, it translates from our
language into the pulse — nopulse combinations understandable to the computer.
The output’s additional job is converting the pulse — no-pulse combinations into a
form understandable to us, such as a printed report.
In the Chuvash Republic cultivated more than 60 sports. There are more than 55 national federations and associations in various sports.
Vladimir Andreev — master of sports of international class in athletics, the participant of XXV Olympic games (1992).
V. P. Voronkov — honored master of sports of the USSR in cross-country skiing, the participant of winter Olympic games (1968), champion of XI winter Olympic games (1972).
L. N. Grigoriev, master of sports of international class, member of national team of Russia in athletics (10,000 m)..
E. N. Gruzinova master of sport international class in athletics, participant of the XXVI Olympic games (1996).
V. M. Egorov, honored USSR master of sports in athletics, champion of the XXV Olympic games (1992), silver medal winner at the XXVI Olympic games marathon (1996).
O. V. Ivanov, Merited master of sports of Russia in athletics, European champion (2002), world champion (2001, 2005), the world record holder in the walk 5 km (1995) and 20 km (2001, 2005), silver medalist of the XXVIII Olympic Games in Athens (2004), winner of the goodwill Games (1994, 2001), winner of Cups of Europe (2000, 2001) and silver medalist (1997), silver medalist of world Cups (1997, 2002)..
A. P. Ivanov, honoured master of sports of athletics, participant of XXV Olympic games (1992).
V. A. Ignatyev, honoured master of sports of the USSR on track and field athletics, the participant of the XV Olympic games (1952), bronze medalist of the XVI Olympic games (1956).
M. P. Kostin — honored USSR master of sports in parachute jumping..
Y. K. Leontiev — the master of sports of international class in archery, member of XXIV Olympic games (1988).
E. N. Nikolaev honored USSR master of sports in athletics, champion of the XXVI Olympic games (1996), silver medalist of the XXV Olympic games in race walking (1992).
N. N. Pashkov, master of sport of international class in Cycling, participant of the XXVI Olympic games (1996).
L. N. Petrov — the master of sports of international class in athletics, participant of the XXVI Olympic games (1996).
N. I. Puklakov master of sport international class in athletics, the participant of the XX Olympic games (1972).
Semenov V. S. — master of sports of international class in athletics, the participant of the XXI Olympic games (1976).
V. S. Sokolov, honoured master of sports of the USSR on Boxing, champion of the XIX Olympic games (1968).
V. N. The yards — honored master of sports of the USSR on Cycling, participant of the XIX Olympic games (19б8г.), champion of the XX Olympic games in the team race at 100 kilometres (1972).
expect that he will take part in the official ceremony. 4. He advised us to say these words. 5.I was not allowed to choose a school. 6.I would like to visit the most picturesque place in the North of England - the lake district. 7.The boy was forced to stay home because he was sick. 8.Last year in our city has several newly built shopping centers, but we were not allowed to build a stadium. 9. I've never heard this girl laugh. I've never seen her cry. 10.We didn't notice as he walked out of the classroom. 11.Betty loved to watch the yellow leaves fall from the trees. 12.Everyone loves to hear him sing? 13.Have you ever seen how the sun rises? 14.I have heard many times, as she read books to their young children. 15.I felt how he touched my hand. 16.The mother heard her son opens the door. 17.We watched as he walked to the window, stopped, opened the magazine and began to read. 18.You saw how ran these two boys? 19.I want you to translated this article. 20.I know your dad is very high.