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Crop production depends on land and its productivity. The cropland varies both
from one region to another and within each region. Soils are the most important
natural resources. Farming destroys them to some extent, removing the essential
plant-food elements and exposing soils to the effects of erosion. The latter is the
result of wind and water. Erosion lowers productive value through the loss of the soil
itself and removal of nutrients and organic material.
Better land use means first of all soil conservation. It includes measures for
controlling erosion, proper rotations to increase the organic matter, the application
of fertilizers and manure, proper tillage methods as well as drainage and irrigation
practices.
The better the soil, the higher the yield. But yields are affected by many other
factors as well. Among them are high-quality seeds of the crops adapted to the
climatic and soil conditions, application of fertilizers, good preparation of the land,
proper rotations, drainage and irrigation, timely planting, cultivating and harvesting.
Of all agricultural practices affecting yields seedbed preparation is the most
important. Plowing is the first step in seedbed preparation. The right kind of
preparing a seedbed is to get a fine moist and mellow soil.
Good crop rotations keep up the productivity of the soil. A rotation usually
includes a grass-farming crop, especially one that includes legumes to add nitrogen
and increase the organic matter of the soil, a cereal and a cultivated crop, at which
time manure and fertilizers can be applied. Well-planned rotations increase the
supply of organic matter, which has such a good effect on the physical condition of
the soil.
Find the words, denoting the following.
1. An action that destroys the soil.
2. Agricultural plants in the fields.
3. Components of food.
4. Something that is applied for soil improvement.
5. Growing different crops in a definite order on the same land.
6. Soil prepared for seeding.
7. Plants growing where they are not wanted.
8. The method of sowing with a drill.
1) Spring
Many people think that the most pleasant season is spring. In spring nature awakens from her long winter sleep. The days get longer and the nights shorter. It grows warmer. The trees open their buds and shoot out new leaves. The meadows grow green again, flowers begin to bloom. Farmers till the soil and sow the seeds. Nightingales, swallows and other migrant birds come back from the south. The corn fields are bright with blue cornflowers and red poppies.
2) Summer
Summer is the warmest season. The sun rises earlier and earlier and sets later and later. In June we have the longest days and the shortest nights. The weather is usually fine, the sky is blue and cloudless, the sun shines brightly in the sky. It is warm and even hot. The hot sun ripens the corn, vegetables and fruit, and the farmers get ready for the harvest.
3) Autumn
Autumn sets in September abd brings shorter days, longer nights and colder weather. Autumn is a rainy season, but there may be a spell of fine sunny weather in late September which is called Indian summer, when the sky is clear and the nature is full of bright colours. The ground is coveres with fllen leaves, and the trees are red, brown and golden. The farmers are busy harvesting.
4) Winter
Winter is the coldest season, with short days and long nights, with frosts and snow. But it is also a beautiful season when nature is sleeping under a clean soft blanket of while snow. Lovers of winter sport go skiing and skating and hockey playing. Winter is a wonderful season for children, too, who, enjoy tobogganing, playing snowballs and making snowmen.
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