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Catherine II 'the Great', Empress of Russia (1729-1796), is referred to as an 'enlightened monarch'. She shaped the Russian destiny to a greater extent than almost anyone before or since, with the exception of Peter the Great.
A German Princess, born Sophie Augusta Fredericka, she married Peter III of Russia and changed her name to 'Catherine' when she accepted the Russian Orthodox faith. The marriage was unsuccessful due to Peter Ill's mental immaturity. Soon Catherine became popular with several powerful political groups. She corresponded with many of the great minds of her era, including Voltaire and Diderot. Peter's eccentricities and policies alienated many. He was made to abdicate and was killed by Alexei Orlov in 1762. Catherine became the Empress of Russia.
In 1785 Catherine issued a charter that freed the nobles from state service and taxes, made noble status hereditary, and gave the nobles full control over their serfs and lands. Catherine proceeded to 'westernize' Russia. After a peasant revolt in 1773 led by Yemelyan Pugachev, Catherine instituted several drastic reforms. First, she encouraged the modernization of agriculture and industry. Second, she supported foreign investment in economically underdeveloped areas. Third, Catherine encouraged education for the nobles and middle class. She gave equal rights to Muslims in Russia, including the right to build mosques.
Catherine made Russia the dominant power in the Middle East after her first Russo-Turkish War against the Ottoman Empire (1768— 1774). She annexed the Crimea in 1783. All told, she added some 518,000 square km to Russian territory. She also encouraged the colonization of Alaska and of conquered areas.
Catherine subscribed to the Enlightenment and considered herself a 'philosopher on the throne.' She became known as a patron of the arts, literature and education. The Hermitage Museum was begun as Catherine's personal collection. She founded the famous Smolny Institute for noble young ladies. Gavrila Derzhavin and other writers of her epoch, supported by Catherine, laid the foundation for the great writers of the nineteenth century. However, her reign was also marked by censorship. When Radishchev published his Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow in 1790, Catherine had him exiled to Siberia. Catherine died on November 5, 1796, and was buried at the St. Peter and St. Paul Fortress in Saint Petersburg.

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Today healthy lifestyle is becoming more and more popular both with the old and the young. People have become more health-conscious. They say that the greatest wealth is health. And it’s so true. The healthier we are, the better we feel. The better we feel, the longer we live.

A healthy diet is an essential part of staying healthy. We know that we should not stuff ourselves with fast food, sweets, sausages, pastry and fat food. Due to medical research, this type of food shortens our life, it leads to obesity, heart and blood vessels diseases, diabetes, gastric problems and lots of other serious ailments. To prevent all these problems we should enjoy well-balanced home-made meals with a lot of organic fruits, vegetables, dairy products, grains and seafood. We are what we eat.

Keeping fit and going in for sports is also important for our health. Lack of exercise in our life is a serious problem. In big cities people spend hours sitting in front of computers, TV-sets and other gadgets. We walk less because we mainly use cars and public transport. We certainly don’t have to be professional sportsmen, but we should visit fitness clubs, go jogging, walk much, swim, go cycling or roller-skating or just dance. Doctors say that regular moderate physical activity is necessary for our body because it protects us from strokes and heart diseases, flue and obesity.

We must understand the harm of bad habits for our health. Smoking, drinking or taking drugs mean serious illnesses and even death from lung cancer or liver diseases, for instance. Cigarettes kill about 3 million heavy-smokers every year. Drug addicts die very young. So I think there is no place for bad habits in a healthy way of life.

Taking a proper rest and getting enough sleep, from 8 to 10 hours daily, are also great healthy habits. Sleep is the food for our brain and the rest for our muscles. Moreover we should avoid getting nervous or worried for no reason.

Healthy way of life concerns our body, mind and soul. Healthy people live longer, they are more successful and they enjoy their life. I believe that it’s not difficult at all to follow these simple rules, and they are worth it.

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Сегодня здоровый образ жизни становится все более популярным среди молодых и пожилых. Люди стали более внимательными к своему здоровью. Говорят, что здоровье – это самое большое богатство. И это чистая правда. Чем здоровее наш организм, тем лучше мы себя чувствуем. Чем лучше мы себя чувствуем, тем дольше мы живем.

Здоровая диета – важная часть здоровой жизни. Мы знаем, что мы не должны заполнять свой организм едой фаст-фуд, сладостями, колбасными и мучными изделиями, жирными продуктами. Согласно медицинским исследованиям, такая еда сокращает жизнь, ведет к ожирению, заболеваниям сердца и кровеносных сосудов, диабету, желудочным проблемам и многим другим серьезным недугам. Для того, чтобы предотвратить эти проблемы, нам следует наслаждаться сбалансированной домашней едой, богатой органическими фруктами, овощами, молочными продуктами, злаками и морепродуктами. Мы есть то, что мы едим.

Оставаться подтянутым и заниматься спортом – это тоже важный момент для нашего здоровья. Недостаток движения в нашей жизни является серьезной проблемой. В больших городах люди часами сидят перед компьютером, телевизором и другими гаджетами. Мы меньше ходим пешком, поскольку пользуемся, главным образом, автомобилями и общественным транспортом. Разумеется, мы не обязаны становиться профессиональными спортсменами, но нам нужно посещать фитнесс-клубы, заниматься бегом, много ходить, плавать, кататься на велосипеде или роликах или просто танцевать. Врачи утверждают, что регулярная умеренная физическая активность необходима для нашего тела, так как она защищает нас от сердечных заболеваний и приступов, гриппа и ожирения.

Мы обязаны понимать пагубное влияние вредных привычек на наше здоровье. Курение, алкоголизм и наркомания означают серьезные заболевания и даже смерть от рака легких или заболеваний печени, к примеру. Сигареты убивают около 3 миллионов курильщиков ежегодно. Наркоманы умирают очень молодыми. Поэтому, я считаю, что в здоровом образе жизни нет места для вредных привычек.

К здоровым привычкам также относятся хороший отдых и достаточный сон, от 8 до 10 часов ежедневно. Сон – это пища для нашего мозга и отдых для наших мышц. Более того, нам следует избегать нервничать или беспокоиться без особого повода.

Здоровый образ жизни затрагивает наше тело, ум и душу. Здоровые люди живут дольше, они более успешны и получают удовольствие от жизни. Думаю, что следовать этим простым правилам совсем несложно, и они стоят того.

ответ:Task 1:

1.Sweet potatoes are often touted as being healthier than white potatoes, but in reality, both types can be highly nutritious. While regular and sweet potatoes are comparable in their calorie, protein, and carb content, white potatoes provide more potassium, whereas sweet potatoes are incredibly high in vitamin A.

2.Omega-3 supplements have been shown to improve liver function in some patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Research led by Professor Christopher Byrne has shown that taking omega-3 supplements could be beneficial for some patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

3.One fact is clear for chocolate: the purer and darker the chocolate, the greater your health benefits. Raw chocolate or minimally processed dark chocolate high in cocoa solids is healthier than milk chocolate and white chocolate. Dark chocolate has anywhere from 50 to 90 percent cocoa solids, while milk chocolate is typically 10 to 30 percent. White chocolate is pure cocoa butter and doesn't offer you any health benefits.

4.Is it better than sugar? Honey has a lower GI value than sugar, meaning that it does not raise blood sugar levels as quickly. Honey is sweeter than sugar, so you may need less of it, but it does have slightly more calories per teaspoon so it's wise to keep a close eye on your portion sizes.

5.They also provide some nutrients for its growth. Egg whites are made up of around 90% water and 10% protein.

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