Read the article and answer the questions below. Getting rid of the gut
1. It's calorie-free, but it still comes with a cost. New research published in the American Journal of Public Health suggests that diet soda drinkers take in more total calories throughout the day than those who skip the fizzy beverage. More specifically, overweight and obese adults who drink diet soda take in 88-194 more calories, on average, each day in comparison to adults who do not drink diet or regular soda.
2. When eating out, zero in on certain words on a restaurant menu: anything breaded, fried, crusted, smothered or creamed will likely be higher in fat than something that is grilled, broiled or sautéed. Cut down on the condiments and toppings as well. For example, hold the mayo and don’t ask for extra cheese. Of course, these things are much easier to accomplish when eating at home.
3. Research from Northwestern University has linked staying up late—and then sleeping in the next morning—to weight gain. Study subjects who went to bed after midnight, woke up mid-morning and ate their first meal of the day around noon consumed more calories a day, ate more fast food and consumed fewer fruits and vegetables than those who routinely went to bed before midnight and woke up around 8 a.m. each morning. Bottom line: If your weekly routine has you going to bed relatively early each night and waking up early for work every morning, keep up with that routine on weekends.
4. Put down that late afternoon candy bar—your judgment's likely being clouded by your never-ending to-do list. A study from Harvard Medical School suggests that as stress increases cortisol levels in the body, it leads to cravings for sugary and fatty foods. Instead of hitting up the vending machine, reach for one of those smarter desk-side snacks.
5. A study published in the American College of Sports Medicine's Health & Fitness Journal shows that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) burns more fat—abdominal fat in particular—than steady-state cardio routines (e.g., zoning out on the treadmill). Combining cardio and strength training, and switching between upper- and lower-body exercises, is an ideal way to keep your heart rate up and boost your body's fat-burning potential.
6. According to a study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, smokers have larger waist circumferences than nonsmokers due to more abdominal fat and less muscle mass, which are direct effects of smoking. Do your lungs (and waist) a favor and drop the cancer sticks.
Now answer the questions:
1. Are calorie-free fizzy beverages better for health? Why? Explain your answer.
2. What ways of cooking food are healthier and why?
3. Why does staying up late lead to getting extra weight? How can you avoid it?
4. How can stress influence our eating habits and, thus, our weight?
5. What type of training is the best for our body?
6. How can smoking influence people's shape?
My friend Nick is very busy and he doesn't have much time to spare. But he's got a lot of hobbies and interests.
Five years ago Nick was fond of collecting stamps. His hobby helped him to learn a lot about other countries and other peoples' traditions, the world's flora and fauna. Maybe that's why he was good at geography and biology at school.
He used to bring the albums to school and we examined his stamps with great interest and envy. Sometimes he exchanged stamps with his schoolmates.
When Nick was in the tenth form his parents bought him a compact disc player and Nick decided to collect compact discs. Today, he has got more than one hundred CDs of his favourite groups and singers! I think that he is very proud of his collection.
Every time Nick buys a new CD he carefully studies the information printed on disc booklets. He also tries to find out everything about the singers he likes. That's why he reads a lot of specialised magazines and books on the history of rock.
Nick never misses MTV shows — he thinks he must keep up with the news in the world of music. He says he likes all types of music except "rave".
He even writes letters to some fan-clubs in other countries, so he has to brush up his English. Nick never misses a concert of his favourite group. He brings his compact discs to the concert and asks the singers for their autographs.
But in spite of his new hobby, Nick sometimes sits in his room and looks through his albums of stamps (with his earphones on, of course).
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