Read the recipe (Borshch) and fill in the gaps.
Pour about 8 cups of water into (26) . Bring the water to the boiling point and put into it two or three peeled and diced (27) , about half a medium-sized green (28) head, finally shredded, a couple of spoonfuls of rice or (29) and boil for about twenty or thirty minutes. Then add one finely shredded red beet, a finely shredded medium-sized (30) , a chopped onion, and a tablespoonful of (31) paste.
Put a couple of (32) , a bit of black pepper, a pinch of (33) , and cook for another fifteen minutes. When the borsch is ready, add a couple of minced cloves of (34) and some parsley. Leave it for about twenty or thirty minutes to reach the proper condition. Then warm the borsch again and serve with (35) .
a saucepan
pearl barley
salt
sour cream
cabbage
carrot
tomato
garlic
potatoes
bay leaves
a saucepan
pearl barley
salt
sour cream
cabbage
carrot
tomato
garlic
potatoes
bay leaves
Read the text and mark the correct variant of the answer.
Vegetarians
The word ‘vegetarian’ was coined in about 1840 to mean people who lived without killing for food, either for moral or health reasons, or both. But the practice is much older than that. Greek philosophers recommended vegetarianism and famous people who have practised it in the past include Leonardo da Vinci, Tolstoy and Voltaire, Milton, Newton and Bernard Shaw. Surely this proves that mental activity does not depend on flesh food. What are the arguments that might stop us from eating meat?
Man’s body is more like those of fruit-eating animals (such as our ‘cousins’ the apes) than like those of flesh-eating animals. For millions of years man must have lived on fruit, nuts and leaves and so developed a digestive system. Perhaps the more we move away from this diet towards meat-eating, the less likely we are to be healthy. Cancer, tuberculosis and heart disease are certainly more common in meat-eating communities. Man may have started eating the flesh of animals during the Ice Age when most of the vegetation was destroyed.
A diet of vegetables, fruit, grains and nuts together with a few dairy products can give us all the vitamins and minerals we need. By eating meat we are getting the basic food elements secondhand after they have been digested by the animal. It is worth considering how wasteful meat-eaters are with land. A meat-eater needs about three times as much land to support himself and his animals as a vegetarian does. For every 45 kilos of dry food eaten by cattle only 1,8–7,3 kilos come back as food for us humans — an expensive method of producing food.
36. When was the word ‘vegetarian’ coined? *
in 1842
in 1840
in 1845
in 1848
37. What did it mean? *
people who ate flesh foods
people who ate vegetables
people who didn’t eat flesh foods
people who ate fruit
38. What are the main arguments that might stop us from eating meat? *
healthy digestive system
healthy heart
weak heart
weak digestive system
39. Why did we start eating meat then? *
because of the destroying of vegetation
because there were no fruit and nuts
because of many diseases
because there were no vegetables and grains
40. What are we getting by eating meat? *
We are getting the physical discomfort.
We are getting the psychological discomfort.
We are getting the basic food elements secondhand.
We are getting healthy digestive system.
Read the text one more time and mark the statements True/False/Not given
41. Vegetarians are people who live without killing animals for food, either for moral or health reasons. *
True
False
Not given
42. In ancient times only Greek philosophers practiced vegetarianism. *
True
False
Not given
43. Man’s body is more like those of fruit-eating animals than like those of flesh-eating animals. *
True
False
Not given
44. The more we move away from vegetarianism towards meat-eating, the more we are able to be healthy. *
True
False
Not given
45. We should all eat and drink to be merry. *
True
False
Not given
To answer this question, we need to understand what a recipe is asking for. A recipe is a set of instructions for cooking a particular dish. In this case, the recipe is asking for water to be poured into something. Looking at the options, the most suitable answer would be a saucepan because a saucepan is a common cooking utensil used for boiling liquids.
2. Bring the water to the boiling point and put into it two or three peeled and diced (27) [potatoes].
To answer this question, we need to know that the recipe is asking for peeled and diced pieces of something to be added to the boiling water. Looking at the options, the most suitable answer would be potatoes because potatoes are commonly used in recipes for borscht and can be peeled and diced before cooking.
3. About half a medium-sized green (28) [cabbage] head, finally shredded, a couple of spoonfuls of rice or (29) [pearl barley] and boil for about twenty or thirty minutes.
To answer this question, we need to know what ingredients are being added to the boiling water. Looking at the options, the most suitable answer for (28) would be cabbage because it is mentioned in the recipe as a green vegetable. The most suitable answer for (29) would be pearl barley because it is mentioned as one of the possible options for adding to the recipe.
4. Then add one finely shredded red beet, a finely shredded medium-sized (30) [carrot], a chopped onion, and a tablespoonful of (31) [tomato] paste.
To answer this question, we need to know what vegetables are being added to the recipe. Looking at the options, the most suitable answer for (30) would be carrot because it is mentioned in the recipe as a vegetable that needs to be shredded. The most suitable answer for (31) would be tomato because it is mentioned as a paste to be added to the recipe.
5. Put a couple of (32) [bay leaves], a bit of black pepper, a pinch of (33) [salt], and cook for another fifteen minutes.
To answer this question, we need to know what ingredients are being added for seasoning. Looking at the options, the most suitable answer for (32) would be bay leaves because they are commonly used as a seasoning in recipes. The most suitable answer for (33) would be salt because it is a common seasoning used in cooking.
6. When the borsch is ready, add a couple of minced cloves of (34) [garlic] and some parsley.
To answer this question, we need to know what ingredients are being added at the end of cooking. Looking at the options, the most suitable answer for (34) would be garlic because it is mentioned as cloves that need to be minced and added at the end.
7. Leave it for about twenty or thirty minutes to reach the proper condition. Then warm the borsch again and serve with (35) [sour cream].
To answer this question, we need to know what condiment is traditionally served with borscht. Looking at the options, the most suitable answer for (35) would be sour cream because it is commonly served with borscht.
36. When was the word 'vegetarian' coined? *
The correct answer is "in 1840". This can be found in the second sentence of the second paragraph in the text.
37. What did it mean? *
The correct answer is "people who didn't eat flesh foods." This can be inferred from the fact that the word was coined to mean people who lived without killing for food, either for moral or health reasons.
38. What are the main arguments that might stop us from eating meat? *
The correct answer is "weak heart." This can be inferred from the statement that cancer, tuberculosis, and heart disease are more common in meat-eating communities.
39. Why did we start eating meat then? *
The correct answer is "because of the destroying of vegetation." This can be inferred from the statement that man may have started eating the flesh of animals during the Ice Age when most of the vegetation was destroyed.
40. What are we getting by eating meat? *
The correct answer is "We are getting the basic food elements secondhand." This can be inferred from the statement that by eating meat, we are getting the basic food elements after they have been digested by the animal.
41. Vegetarians are people who live without killing animals for food, either for moral or health reasons. *
The correct answer is "True." This information can be found in the first sentence of the first paragraph in the text.
42. In ancient times only Greek philosophers practiced vegetarianism. *
The correct answer is "Not given." The text does not mention anything about who practiced vegetarianism in ancient times, so we cannot determine if only Greek philosophers practiced it.
43. Man's body is more like those of fruit-eating animals than like those of flesh-eating animals. *
The correct answer is "True." This information can be found in the second paragraph of the text, where it states that man's body is more like those of fruit-eating animals, such as apes.
44. The more we move away from vegetarianism towards meat-eating, the more we are able to be healthy. *
The correct answer is "False." This information can be inferred from the statement that cancer, tuberculosis, and heart disease are more common in meat-eating communities.
45. We should all eat and drink to be merry. *
The correct answer is "False." This information is not mentioned in the text.