Read the recipe (Borshch) and fill in the gaps.
Pour about 8 cups of water into (26) . Bring the water to the boiling point and put into it two or three peeled and diced (27) , about half a medium-sized green (28) head, finally shredded, a couple of spoonfuls of rice or (29) and boil for about twenty or thirty minutes. Then add one finely shredded red beet, a finely shredded medium-sized (30) , a chopped onion, and a tablespoonful of (31) paste.
Put a couple of (32) , a bit of black pepper, a pinch of (33) , and cook for another fifteen minutes. When the borsch is ready, add a couple of minced cloves of (34) and some parsley. Leave it for about twenty or thirty minutes to reach the proper condition. Then warm the borsch again and serve with (35) .
a saucepan
pearl barley
salt
sour cream
cabbage
carrot
tomato
garlic
potatoes
bay leaves
a saucepan
pearl barley
salt
sour cream
cabbage
carrot
tomato
garlic
potatoes
bay leaves
Read the text and mark the correct variant of the answer.
Vegetarians
The word ‘vegetarian’ was coined in about 1840 to mean people who lived without killing for food, either for moral or health reasons, or both. But the practice is much older than that. Greek philosophers recommended vegetarianism and famous people who have practised it in the past include Leonardo da Vinci, Tolstoy and Voltaire, Milton, Newton and Bernard Shaw. Surely this proves that mental activity does not depend on flesh food. What are the arguments that might stop us from eating meat?
Man’s body is more like those of fruit-eating animals (such as our ‘cousins’ the apes) than like those of flesh-eating animals. For millions of years man must have lived on fruit, nuts and leaves and so developed a digestive system. Perhaps the more we move away from this diet towards meat-eating, the less likely we are to be healthy. Cancer, tuberculosis and heart disease are certainly more common in meat-eating communities. Man may have started eating the flesh of animals during the Ice Age when most of the vegetation was destroyed.
A diet of vegetables, fruit, grains and nuts together with a few dairy products can give us all the vitamins and minerals we need. By eating meat we are getting the basic food elements secondhand after they have been digested by the animal. It is worth considering how wasteful meat-eaters are with land. A meat-eater needs about three times as much land to support himself and his animals as a vegetarian does. For every 45 kilos of dry food eaten by cattle only 1,8–7,3 kilos come back as food for us humans — an expensive method of producing food.
36. When was the word ‘vegetarian’ coined? *
in 1842
in 1840
in 1845
in 1848
37. What did it mean? *
people who ate flesh foods
people who ate vegetables
people who didn’t eat flesh foods
people who ate fruit
38. What are the main arguments that might stop us from eating meat? *
healthy digestive system
healthy heart
weak heart
weak digestive system
39. Why did we start eating meat then? *
because of the destroying of vegetation
because there were no fruit and nuts
because of many diseases
because there were no vegetables and grains
40. What are we getting by eating meat? *
We are getting the physical discomfort.
We are getting the psychological discomfort.
We are getting the basic food elements secondhand.
We are getting healthy digestive system.
Read the text one more time and mark the statements True/False/Not given
41. Vegetarians are people who live without killing animals for food, either for moral or health reasons. *
True
False
Not given
42. In ancient times only Greek philosophers practiced vegetarianism. *
True
False
Not given
43. Man’s body is more like those of fruit-eating animals than like those of flesh-eating animals. *
True
False
Not given
44. The more we move away from vegetarianism towards meat-eating, the more we are able to be healthy. *
True
False
Not given
45. We should all eat and drink to be merry. *
True
False
Not given
