Read the text and find equivalents to the words from it.
1. to do wrong/ to misbehave - to
2. being mature/ fully grown person -
3.. to discuss/ to debate - to
5. legally care for another's child/ to raise - to
6. brothers and sisters -
7. cruel/ violent -
8. to achieve/ to improve - to
9. ending/ outcome -
10. to execise/ to implement - to
11. penalty/ trial -
All adults at some time or another commit a crime, sometimes by accident, but why do some people intentionally commit crimes? Here are three theories that try to explain the causes of criminal behaviour.
GENETIC CAUSES
The idea that some people commit crimes because of biological factors has a long tradition. This theory suggests that criminals are born, not made. In the 19th century some people even thought brain sizes and skull shapes could explain criminal behaviour. Although experts today no longer believe this, they do argue that human behaviour can be linked to an individual's genes. Studies of adopted children who show criminal behaviour suggest that their behaviour is more similar to their biological parents' behaviour than their adoptive parents', showing a genetic Jink.
ENVIRONMENT
This theory states that a person's surroundings influence their behaviour. Just as children learn good behaviour from their parents and siblings, so children can learn bad behaviour from their families and other close relationships. Researchers
in this area argue that early anti-social behaviour in childhood often leads to a future of criminal behaviour. It is a vicious circle, as one expert states: 'Problem children tend to grow up into problem adults, and problem adults tend to produce more problem children.'
CHOICE
The central idea of this theory is that crime is a career decision, an alternative way of making a living. The theory argues that most criminals are rational people, who know what they want and the different ways of getting it, i.e. work or crime. They are able to balance the risks of committing a crime, such as going to prison, against its benefits, i.e. what they gain if they aren't caught.The conclusion is: if there are more benefits than risks, do it, but if there are more risks than benefits, don't do it.
Research is continuing into people's motivation for committing crimes as understanding this may help us apply the correct punishments for crime. It is important to understand the causes of crime. With more knowledge, it will be easier to prevent crime and to help criminals to lead a more useful life.
1. During their leisure time they turn to imagination
2 Americans like the experiencing worlds created by others in video games bools movies and on television
3. They prefer playing and reading to doing more practical things in their free time
4. People are fascinated with unreal worlds because they are less risky and they need less work
6. They feel that they are themselves acting
7. And they become the centre on relationship and complex conflicts of the main characters
8. Readers take action together with the main characters or \ vievers
1) Does he always come on time to his classes?
4) Does mother speak English as well as father?
5) Who delievers newspaper in the morning?
6) Who is Kate waiting for?
7) Did he want to be rich and famous?
8) Can you afford a holiday this year?
9) Did he have an accident last week?
10) Did they get married last month?
11) Who told him to come before six o'clock?
12) Were there any photographs in the bag?
13) Have they sent for a doctor?
14) What are the students listening to?
15) Who advised you to tell the police about the accident?
16) Would you like to learn to ride a horse?