с английским Прочтите текст и объясните, как вы понимаете термин
«компьютерное программирование».
Text 1. COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
Programming is the process of preparing a set of coded instructions which enables the computer to solve specific problems or to perform specific functions. Theiessence of computer
programmingjis the encoding of the program for the computer
by means of algorythms. The thing is that any problem is expressed in mathematical terms, it contains formulae, equations
and calculations^ But the computer cannot manipulate formulae, equations and calculations. Any problem must be specially
processed for the computer to understand it, that is — coded or
programmed.
The phase in which the system's computer programs are
written is called the development phase. The programs are lists
of instructions that will be followed by the control unit of the
central processing unit (CPU). The instructions of the program
must be complete and in the appropriate sequence, or else the
wrong answers will result. To guard against these errors in logic
and to document the program's logical approach, logic plans
should be developed.
There are two common techniques for planning the logic of
a program. The first technique is flowcharting. A flowchart is a
plan in the form of a graphic or pictorial representation that uses
predefined symbols to illustrate the program logic. It is, therefore, a "picture" of the logical steps to be performed by the
computer. Each of the predefined symbol shapes stands for a
general operation. The symbol shape communicates the nature
of the general operation, and the specifics are written within the
symbol. A plastic or metal guide called a template is used to
make drawing the symbols easier.
The second technique for planning program logic is called
pseudocode. Pseudocode is an imitation of actual program instructions. It allows a program-like structure without the burden of programming rules to follow. Pseudocode is less timeconsuming for the professional programmer than is flowcharting.
It also emphasizes a top-down approach to program structure.
Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности текст еще раз и ответьте на во ис
пользуя информацию текста.
1. What is programming? 2. What is the essence of programming? 3. What should be done with the problem before processing by the computer? 4. What is a program? 5. What are instructions? 6. What are the main techniques for planning the program
logic? 7. What is a flowchart? 8. What is a template and what is it
used for? 9. What do you understand by "pseudocode"? 10. What
are the basic structures of pseudocode?
3 I'm getting hungry. Let's go and have something to eat.
4 What do you do in your spare time? Do you have any hobbies?
5 The weather was horrible when we arrived. It was cold and it was raining hard.
6 Louise usually phones me on Fridays, but she didn't phone last Friday.
7 A: When I last saw you, you were thinking of moving to a new flat.
B: That's right, but in the end I decided to stay where I was.
8 Why are you looking at me like that? What's the matter?
9 It's usually dry here at this time of the year. It doesn't rain much.
10 The phone rang three times while we were having dinner last night.
11 Linda was busy when we went to see her yesterday. She had an exam today and she was preparing for it. We didn't want to disturb her, so we didn't stay very long.
12 When I first told Tom the news, he didn't believe me. He thought that I joked.
2. He has left (to leave) for London, we won't see him for a month.
3. I have read (to read) this story twice; it's very interesting.
4. The weather has changed (to change) greatly; it's so cold now.
5. We have bought (to buy) Granny a nice present for her birthday. We think she will like it.
6. It will be (to be) very warm in Yerevan this week.
7. Where's the picture? I have given (to give) it to Bob.
8. Jane isn't at home now. She has gone (to go) to the playground.
9. They have done (to do) all their work. They are free to play now.
10. Look! Somebody is breaking (to break) the window.