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commercial paper is an unconditional written order or promise to pay money. the most common form of commercial paper is the personal cheque (am. check). it was developed hundreds of years ago to serve as a safe substitute for money.
instead of carrying their gold and silver with them, merchants left their money at the bankers. then, when merchants wanted to pay a seller for goods they were buying, they wrote an order addressed to their bank. the order directed the bank to deliver a specified amount to the person or the place of the seller’s choice. the bank compared the merchant’s signature (and perhaps a seal) on the order with the signature left at the bank. the bank would comply with such written orders because, once the merchant had made a deposit, the bank was legally indebted to the depositor for that amount. consequently, if the merchant demanded return of the deposit, the bank had to give it back. the same is still known as demand instruments because they allow depositors to get their money out of banks or have it paid in accordance with the depositors order.

New Zealand is a very interesting country. It has got total area of 269,000 square kilometers. It is situated to south-east of Australia in the Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main islands (North Island and South Island) and some smaller ones. Nearly 3.5 million people live in the country. The capital of New Zealand is Wellington. It is a financial centre too. The city was founded in 1840 and has been the capital since 1865. The official language Is English.
The climate of New Zealand is moist. New Zealand is rich in minerals. There are some main industries in the country, for example, iron and steel industry. The country has gas and petroleum. There are many mountains in New Zealand. The highest is Mount Cook (3,764 metres or 12,349 feet).
There are many rivers and lakes in the country. The chief rivers are the Waikato and the Wairu. You have heard about the native animals in the country. One of them is the kiwi. This interesting bird lives in the wet parts of the thick bushes. In the day-time the bird does not go out. It comes out only at night to find food. Kiwis cannot fly. Many years ago kiwis were hunted for food. Now the government does not permit the hunting the kiwis. The kiwi is now the symbol of New Zealand people. Small children are often called kiwis.
New Zealand is independent state, but formerly it is a part of the British
Empire. The head of the state is the Queen. New Zealand is self-governing state. The Parliament consists of one House only, the House of Representatives. The Prime Minister is the head of the government.
New Zealand has got heavy industry. There are many plants in the country. Paper and rubber industries are developed too. New Zealand exports wool, meat, butter.
There are some big cities such as Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, Dune-din, Nelson. Auckland and Wellington are the main ports of the country.
There are some educational and cultural institutions in Wellington. They are the University of New Zealand, Victoria University College and others. Victoria University was established in 1897.
New Zealand is a very interesting and beautiful country.

Есть законные ограничения на продажу вещей по воскресеньям. Только такие вещи как газеты, журналы, и свежая еда может быть продаваемой. В наши дни много чиновников и народ просит чтобы эти воскресные правила торговли были отменены в Великобритании.Магазины в Британии.
Большинство магазинов в Британии открываются в 9 утра и закрываются в 5 или в 5:30 вечером. Маленькие магазины обычно закрываются на час во время обеда. Один или два раза в неделю - обычно в четверг или в пятницу, некоторые огромные (гигантские) продуктовые магазины остаются открытыми примерно до 8 часов вечера, для поздних ночных покупок.
Большинство магазинов закрыты в обед один день в неделю. Этот день обычно среда или четверг, и это разный день в разных городах.
Почти все магазины закрыты в воскресенье.