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с тестами по английскому это итоговая

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Ответ:
BlackSenpai
BlackSenpai
14.01.2021 22:20

Health care in Ukraine

Doctors and Health Centres

Doctors are known as a likar and are the first point of contact with the Ukrainian health system. Citizens can register with the doctor of their choice, however, people seeking state medical care must make sure that their doctor is contracted into the health scheme. If you are treated by a doctor whether or not the doctor is covered by the state you will have to pay a fee.

GPs prescribe drugs, treat acute and chronic illnesses, and provide preventive care and health education.

Waiting times to see doctors vary and it is advised that you make an appointment in advance. If you need urgent help, you may go to the doctors surgery on speculation, but be prepared for a long wait.

Health centres in Ukraine are in an extremely poor state. The medical facilities are of a poor standard compared to Western standards; the medical equipment and facilities are in short supply compared to the high demand. All services, including doctors and nurses cost a lot of money which makes health care in health centres not always a feasible option for the ordinary citizen. The doctors and nurses who work in the health centres are not always fully trained in the health system.

Consultants

Consultants are senior doctors who have completed a higher level of specialised training. GPs refer patients to a Consultant if he believes that a patient may need specialist help and diagnosis. There are very few consultants in Ukraine, which therefore makes a high waiting list to see the Consultant doctors. The consultants are no different to a doctor in terms of them still asking for a fee, normally higher than a normal doctor due to their higher level medical skills.

Hospitals

Hospitals and clinics exist in all major towns and cities of Ukraine, but are nowhere near the standard which is required in Ukraine. Hospitals are dirty and the level of care in extremely low due to staff shortages. Patients are admitted to hospital either through the emergency department or through a referral by their doctor. Once a patient is admitted treatment is controlled by one of the hospital doctors. All hospital doctors require a fee which makes hospitalisation difficult for its citizens. Doctors and nurses are in short supply due to low wages which is resulting in doctors and nurses going abroad and offering their services. There may be a waiting list for some non-emergency treatments and services.

Emergency Care

Emergency care is supposedly to be free for everyone including those without state health insurance. However, once your condition is stabilised the doctor will probably ask for a fee for their services due to the low wages that the state provides. Emergency departments are open non-stop all year. You may use their services if you need immediate attention, or if your GP refers you to them, or if there is no GP service available.

Private Clinics

There are a few private practices in Ukraine which are provided by independent office-based doctors and specialists. The premises are funded largely by private insurance contributions, but it is used only by a small minority of people, often as a top up to the basic state healthcare and to cover them for the services deemed non-essential. The private hospitals are cleaner and the comfort factor is a lot higher than a state hospital, there are no waiting lists, but then there is a higher fee, which is not always a feasible option for the ordinary citizen.

Dentists

Dental care in Ukraine is expensive and not very many citizens can afford the dental care that is necessary, all dentist services are private in Ukraine. Dentists are known as a zubnyy likar. Dentists can be found in major cities of Ukraine normally where the income of the citizens are of the amount where they can afford dental care.

Pharmacies

Dispensing chemists known as an apteka sell medicines in Ukraine. Prescriptions known as prypysannia are generally not needed to buy medicines, which are normally tightly monitored in Western countries. There are many pharmacies throughout Ukraine and the cost of medicine from a pharmacy can be expensive as there is no monitoring of drug prices. Many pharmacies in the major cities are open 24 hours, so there is always access to pharmacy medicines.

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Ответ:
misha666anibeat
misha666anibeat
28.04.2023 14:02
People in contemporary world can hardly imagine their lives without machines. every day either a new gadget is invented or an old one is improved. different people appreciate new inventions differently. some suppose that sophisticated gadgets are really useful and necessary, while others find them absolutely awful as they influence people badly. as for me, i am pretty sure that gadgets make people`s lives easier. firstly, they do all kinds of dirty and hard work, as cleaning. secondly, devices can save a lot of time as well as storage space. for instance, a computer disk can contain the same amount of information as several thick books.so, machines help people in different spheres. however, opponents of this point of view are definitely sure that gadgets affect people negatively. people are reluctant to work due to the influence of machines. people become lazy and disorganized. they just expect their latest gadgets to do everything instead of them. moreover, according to scientists, a great number of widespread devices produce radiation that can cause serious health problems. furthermore, more and more people are becoming addicted to their modern gadgets, for instance computers, tvs or mobile phones. so, they neglect their home obligations, work or school and spend all their spare time in front of a laptop screen or a tv-set. in conclusion, i firmly believe that in spite of all drawbacks, gadgets have, their benefits are much more considerable, as they save people`s time and let them enjoy life. перевод: современный человек едва ли может представить свою жизнь без машин. ежедневно или появляются новые устройства, или улучшаются уже существующие. люди по-разному относятся к новым изобретениям. некоторые полагают, что сложные гаджеты на самом деле полезны и необходимо, в то время, как другие считают их ужасными из-за их отрицательного влияния на людей. что касается меня, я абсолютно уверена в том, что новые устройства делают нашу жизнь легче. во-первых, они выполняют всю грязную и тяжелую работу, такую как уборка. во-вторых, устройства экономят как время, так и место. например, компьютерный диск может вмещать столько же информации, как несколько толстых книг. итак, машины людям в разных сферах деятельности. однако противники этой точки зрения абсолютно уверены в том, что новые изобретения отрицательно влияют на людей. люди не хотят работать из-за влияния устройств. они становятся ленивыми и неорганизованными. они ждут, когда их последние изобретения сделают всё за них. более того, по мнению ученых, многие широко распространенные гаджеты излучением, которое может вызвать серьёзные проблемы со здоровьем. кроме того, всё больше и больше людей становятся зависимыми от компьютера, телевизора или мобильного телефона. они игнорируют свои обязанности, учебу или работу и проводят всё своё время перед ноутбуком или экраном телевизора. в заключение, я считаю, что, несмотря на все имеющиеся недостатки, достоинства гаджетов намного более занчительны, так как они экономят время и позволяют людям наслаждаться жизнью!
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