(from the Greek. kosmos - order operation, peace is a term other-GK. philosophy for the designation of the world as ordered, organized and unified whole that emerged from the original chaos. For the first time presentation of K. and chaos meet in ancient myths and more distinct form in the cosmogonic hypotheses antique fresco. Greeks. It is to indicate the order of the ancient Greeks used the word K., which they understood quite вдр. sense than we. If we K. often associated with the notion of near-field region of the Universe, for antique fresco. the Greeks it signified order, organisation, harmony and perfection and beauty. In contrast, the term «chaos» characterizes disorder, disorganization, нерасчлененность. Apparently, the first to apply the concept of «K.» for the characteristic of the Universe, was Pythagoras, who emphasized its orderliness, consistency of its parts and perfection in the image of harmony in the music of the celestial spheres. Characteristic of ancient myths about the origin of the world and the first cosmological hypotheses is that they K., personifying an ordered Universe emerged from the primordial chaos, which was presented in the form of the formless, unorganized matter. The process of transition from chaos to K. in various myths and hypotheses interpreted differently, starting from the division of a single ocean in the sky and the earth and ending with the release of the merged in primordial chaos of the initial elements of water, earth and fire. Of them subsequently formed the Sun, the stars, the air, and then - the minerals, plants and animals. The transition from unorganized chaos to an orderly K. is the main inner meaning of mythology contained already in archaic myths of creation. In many respects similar views we find in the first cosmological hypotheses put forward by antique fresco. philosophers. Detailed hypothesis of the kind suggested by Plato in his dialogue «Timaeus». Like his predecessors, he believed that before you start on this matter was in a chaotic and passive state. Need was so active organizing power of the Demiurge, which has led her into the movement, gave her order and organization. The main idea of organic matter and active, organizing the form received further development in the cosmogony of his student, Aristotle, who also recognized that the beginning of the formation of the universe was the selection of chaos and the separation from him four main elements: air, water, earth and fire. But in addition to the spiritual, the divine reasons of creation K. from chaos, Aristotle emphasized the role of material, natural causes. If the demiurge creates K. exact matching of a mathematical calculation, seeking to building a harmonious world, the material causes act at random. Therefore, the results of their actions are not necessary and incidental character. In the Platonov view on the motion of a spiral is impossible not to notice analogy with subsequent visualization and characteristics of the overall development process as a movement along an ascending line, which are used, e.g., in dialectics. In the hypothesis of Aristotle financial reasons while and play a role, but due to the fact that the active principle in the formation of the universe belongs to form eventually material reasons may not be the main and the only secondary. Thus, in the antique fresco. philosophy and cosmology process of formation of the world presented in the form of transition from disorder, embodied in дезорганизованном chaos to order ó in the gradual emergence of increasingly organized and ordered structures.
