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automatic control and control systems.
feedback control systems have become our servants in many more
ways than most of us realize. we now have tens of millions of л е т at
work - in industry, in offices and at home. we are increasingly dependant
on ais great army of robots. they contribute to our comfort, protect our
heakh and safety, relieve us of hard and uninteresting work and operate
difficult and dangerous enterprises which we couldn’t dare to undertake
wiaout л ет.
everyone knows about aermostat which keeps radiators hot and
refrigerators cold. most of the олег controls are less familiar. electrical
and electronic governors are known to stabilize the performance of our
radio and tvsets. robots control the flights of airplanes. process
controllers supervise the manufacture of plastics, synaetic fibers, the
whole range of products of chemical industry. complicated networks of
instruments run our petroleum refineries. our communication system is
one vast feedback circuit. throughout industry the convertion of energy
from the process of combustion to the rotating of the shafts of heavy
machinery is conducted under automatic control. in sum, if the controls
already operating in our economy were suddenly shut off, леге would be
chaos. but robots are here.
and ais is only the beginning. one’s imagmation needn’t be
restricted to industrial possibilities. we can look forward to feedback
controls in many олег fields.
a robot stimulates the functions of a human bemg. modem industry
began wkh manual and semi-automatic controls. a human operator read
the instrument and applied corrections to a process.
the essence of control is: measure, compare, correct and check the
result.
as the tempo and complexity of technology rose, human operators
began to fall behind: леу could not keep up wkh the demands of the
machme. it became necessary to give the instruments which merely
measured and indicated the function of control as well.this liberation of technology from the limitations of the human
system has already had great practical consequences.
servo-mechanisms, regulators and process controllers play
increasingly important roles. simple controllers which measure and
control are giving way to complex controllers which control, compute and
govern the total plant performance. combinations of automatic controllers
and their respective processes function more and more as system in broad
sense - in energy conversion, transportation, communication, mechanized
computation, the processing and synthesis of materials and the
manipulation of machinery.
vocabu
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