Study the information and complete the sentences?

I think that every person admires someone. In fact, it is useful to look up to someone with good qualities or worthy deeds. Most young people find idols in cinema or music sphere, but my hero is a public figure, who has changed to better lives of many people in his country. It’s Nelson Mandela. He was a South African anti-apartheid politician and philanthropist. Before the abrogation of apartheid South Africa was a horrible to live. The country was characterized by conflict, unspeakable suffering and inconceivable injustice. Society was in deep crisis and discrimination ruled everywhere. People, who didn’t have white color of skin, were underprivileged in any sphere of life, including education, medicine, political voice and any other human rights. Apartheid was disassembled in 1994 with the first democratic president elections, when Nelson Mandela won the campaign. He was the President of South Africa for five years, during which his government constantly fought racism, poverty and inequality. He was also the President of the African National Congress for eight years. I admire this man’s courage and yearning for justice. I know that he spent 27 years of his life in prison. However, he didn’t get dispirited, he didn’t lose faith in himself and his ideas. On the contrary, he rose through his work and he never wavered in his devotion to equality. He went through terrible provocations, but never answered racism with racism. Everybody in his country knew that this peaceful transition from inhumane conditions to egalitarian society was Nelson Mandela’s achievement. Soon he became a role model for the whole country and a favorite leader of all times. Even today after his death in 2013, he is well-remembered and respected.

1. When did chemical knowledge advance to contribute
signifi­cantly to pharmacology?-However, only in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries chemicalknowledge advanced to the point at which it became capable to contributesignificantly to pharmacology.
2. What did the industrial revolution do?-The industrial revolution of the last century gave birth to syntheticorganic chemistry and established a new branch of knowledge necessary for thesynthesis of new drugs.
3. How is pharmacy defined at present?-At present pharmacy is defined as the art and scienceof recognition, identification, collection, preparation, storage, test,composition and distribution of all substances used in preventive or incurative medicine for people’s treatment. 
4. Which contribution was the isolation of the
active constituents?-The first and the most important was theisolation in relatively pure chemical form of the active constituents ofplants.
5. Why do pharmaceutical students master so many
subjects?-It includes different subjects, suchas physics, chemistry, botany, pharmacognosy, pharmacology, etc. whichpharmaceutical students master to become highly qualified pharmaceutists.
6. When did pharmacy become an independent branch of
medicine?-It becamean independent branch of medicine when an increasing variety of drugs and theircomplex compositions demanded specialists familiar with such technologies.
7. How long did it take man to make this very
important step?-It tookman over five thousand years to make this very important step.
8. Where does the word «pharmacy» come from?-The word «pharmacy» comes from Greek and in the modem language means «adrug»
9. What specialists did an increasing variety of
drugs demand?-The first and the most important was theisolation in relatively pure chemical form of the active constituents ofplants.
10. Who contributed to our present knowledge of
pharmacy?-The civilization of the past contributed to our present knowledge by thecollection of drugs and medicinal preparations.