Task 2. Put the verb in brackets into the correct passive tense.
1. The idea is that once a decision (make) on how the law applies to a particular set of facts, similar facts in later cases (treat) in the same way.
2. The judges listen to the evidence and the legal argument and then a written decision (prepare).
3. The explanation of the legal principles on which the decision (made) (call) the ratio decidendi – Latin for the “reason for deciding”.
4. If the decision of a lower court (appeal) to a higher one, it (change) by the higher court if they feel the law wrongly (interpret) by the lower court.
5. As a rule decisions always (not, make) on the basis of only one previous case; usually several different cases (offer) in support of each sides view of the question. 6. The independence of Judiciary (guarantee) by the Act of Settlement, 1700.
Explanation: The verb "make" in the active voice is changed to "is made" in the passive voice. The subject of the sentence becomes the receiver of the action (decision), and the doer of the action (someone who makes the decision) is not explicitly mentioned in the sentence.
2. The judges listen to the evidence and the legal argument, and then a written decision is prepared.
Explanation: The verb "prepare" in the active voice is changed to "is prepared" in the passive voice. The subject of the sentence becomes the receiver of the action (decision), and the doer of the action (judges) is not explicitly mentioned in the sentence.
3. The explanation of the legal principles on which the decision is made is called the ratio decidendi – Latin for the "reason for deciding".
Explanation: The verb "made" in the active voice is changed to "is made" in the passive voice. The subject of the sentence becomes the receiver of the action (decision), and the doer of the action (someone who makes the decision) is not explicitly mentioned in the sentence. Additionally, the verb "call" in the active voice is changed to "is called" in the passive voice.
4. If the decision of a lower court is appealed to a higher one, it is changed by the higher court if they feel the law is wrongly interpreted by the lower court.
Explanation: The verb "appeal" in the active voice is changed to "is appealed" in the passive voice. The subject of the sentence becomes the receiver of the action (decision), and the doer of the action (someone who appeals the decision) is not explicitly mentioned in the sentence. Additionally, the verb "interpret" in the active voice is changed to "is interpreted" in the passive voice.
5. As a rule, decisions are not made on the basis of only one previous case; usually, several different cases are offered in support of each side's view of the question.
Explanation: The verb "make" in the active voice is changed to "are made" in the passive voice. The subject of the sentence becomes the receiver of the action (decisions), and the doer of the action (someone who makes the decisions) is not explicitly mentioned in the sentence. Additionally, the phrase "do not" is added before the passive verb form "make" to indicate the negation.
6. The independence of the Judiciary is guaranteed by the Act of Settlement, 1700.
Explanation: The verb "guarantee" remains unchanged in the sentence, as it is already in the passive voice. The subject of the sentence is the receiver of the action (independence of the Judiciary), and the doer of the action (Act of Settlement, 1700) is mentioned in the sentence.