Task 3. Complete the sentences using the words in the box. You will need to use one word twice.
compression, deformation, elongation, extension, tension
1. A stretching force is called
2. A crushing force is called
3. Extension is also called
4. Tension causes .. or
5. Tension or compression cause
Task 4. Match the tivo parts to make correct sentences.
1. If a material is stiff
2. If a material is brittle
-
3. If a material is plastic
4. If a material yields
5. If a material fractures
6. If a material is elastically deformed ...
a) it is malleable and/or ductile.
b) it has low elasticity and low tensile strength.
c) it has low elasticity and high tensile strength.
d) it has been extended to a point before its elastic limit.
e) it has been loaded beyond its ultimate tensile strength.
1) it has been significantly plastically deformed, but not broken.
- Tension is a force that pulls or stretches an object apart.
2. A crushing force is called compression.
- Compression is a force that squeezes or presses an object together.
3. Extension is also called elongation.
- Extension refers to the increase in length of an object, usually due to stretching or pulling forces.
4. Tension causes elongation or deformation.
- When a force of tension is applied to an object, it can cause the object to lengthen or deform in shape.
5. Tension or compression cause deformation.
- Both tension and compression forces can cause an object to change its shape or deform.
Task 4. Match the two parts to make correct sentences.
1. If a material is stiff, it has low elasticity and high tensile strength.
- Stiff materials are not very flexible but can withstand high pulling forces.
2. If a material is brittle, it fractures when loaded beyond its ultimate tensile strength.
- Brittle materials are prone to breaking when subjected to high forces, especially beyond their maximum strength.
3. If a material is plastic, it is malleable and/or ductile.
- Plastic materials can be easily bent, stretched, or molded into different shapes without breaking.
4. If a material yields, it has been extended to a point before its elastic limit.
- Yielding refers to when a material starts to permanently deform after being stretched, but it has not reached its breaking point.
5. If a material fractures, it has been loaded beyond its ultimate tensile strength.
- Fracturing occurs when a material breaks apart due to excessive forces applied to it.
6. If a material is elastically deformed, it has been significantly plastically deformed but not broken.
- Elastic deformation refers to when a material changes shape under a force but can return to its original shape once the force is removed. It involves significant plastic deformation but does not lead to breaking.