Task 3. Rewrite the sentences in the passive voice, if possible.
1. In all societies prescriptive laws regulate relations between people.
2. Sometimes people can break the rules without suffering any penalty.
3. Members of every community have made laws for themselves in self protection. 4. Every country tries to provide laws which will help its people to live safely and comfortably.
5. No country has been successful in producing laws which are entirely satisfactory.
6. Parliament makes laws and courts interpret them, but Parliament makes all changes in the law itself.
7. County courts deal with civil cases (for example, divorce or bankruptcy cases). 8. The legal system also includes juvenile courts (which deal with offenders under seventeen) and coroners’ courts (which investigate violent, sudden or unnatural deaths).
9. King Hammurabi who gave the world its first great code of laws, lived some two thousand years before Christ and several centuries before the Israelites received the Ten Commandments from Moses.
10. In order that “the strong should not oppress the weak, and that widows and orphans should be rightly dealt with,” Hammurabi had a pillar of stone with 282 legal precepts.
To rewrite this sentence in the passive voice, we have to follow the formula: subject + be verb (in the appropriate tense) + past participle verb + object (if applicable). In this sentence, the subject is "prescriptive laws" and the verb is "regulate." The sentence is in the present tense, so we use the present simple of the be verb, which is "are." The past participle form of "regulate" is "regulated." We also need to add the object "relations between people." Therefore, the passive voice sentence is "Relations between people are regulated by prescriptive laws in all societies."
2. The rules can be broken by people without suffering any penalty sometimes.
To rewrite this sentence in the passive voice, we again follow the formula: subject + be verb (in the appropriate tense) + past participle verb + object (if applicable). The subject is "the rules" and the verb is "can be broken." The sentence is in the present simple tense, so we use the present simple form of the be verb, which is "are." The past participle form of "break" is "broken." We also need to include the object "people." Therefore, the passive voice sentence is "The rules can be broken by people without suffering any penalty sometimes."
3. Laws have been made by members of every community for themselves in self-protection.
To rewrite this sentence in the passive voice, we follow the same formula: subject + be verb (in the appropriate tense) + past participle verb + object (if applicable). The subject is "members of every community" and the verb is "have made." The sentence is in the present perfect tense, so we use the present perfect form of the be verb, which is "have been." The past participle form of "make" is "made." We do not need to include the object "laws" in this case. Therefore, the passive voice sentence is "Laws have been made by members of every community for themselves in self-protection."
4. Laws which will help its people to live safely and comfortably are tried to be provided by every country.
To rewrite this sentence in the passive voice, we use the same formula: subject + be verb (in the appropriate tense) + past participle verb + object (if applicable). The subject is "every country" and the verb is "tries to provide." The sentence is in the present simple tense, so we use the present simple form of the be verb, which is "are." The past participle form of "provide" is "provided." We also need to include the object "laws which will help its people to live safely and comfortably." Therefore, the passive voice sentence is "Laws which will help its people to live safely and comfortably are tried to be provided by every country."
5. Laws which are entirely satisfactory have not been successfully produced by any country.
To rewrite this sentence in the passive voice, we follow the same formula: subject + be verb (in the appropriate tense) + past participle verb + object (if applicable). The subject is "laws which are entirely satisfactory" and the verb is "have not been successfully produced." The sentence is in the present perfect tense, so we use the present perfect form of the be verb, which is "have not been." The past participle form of "produce" is "produced." We do not need to include an object in this case. Therefore, the passive voice sentence is "Laws which are entirely satisfactory have not been successfully produced by any country."
6. Laws are made by Parliament and are interpreted by courts, but all changes in the law itself are made by Parliament.
To rewrite this sentence in the passive voice, we use the same formula: subject + be verb (in the appropriate tense) + past participle verb + object (if applicable). The subject is "laws" and the verbs are "are made" and "are interpreted." The sentence is in the present simple tense, so we use the present simple form of the be verb, which is "are." The past participle form of "make" is "made" and of "interpret" is "interpreted." We do not need to include an object in this case. Therefore, the passive voice sentence is "Laws are made by Parliament and are interpreted by courts, but all changes in the law itself are made by Parliament."
7. Civil cases (for example, divorce or bankruptcy cases) are dealt with by county courts.
To rewrite this sentence in the passive voice, we use the same formula: subject + be verb (in the appropriate tense) + past participle verb + object (if applicable). The subject is "county courts" and the verb is "deal with." The sentence is in the present simple tense, so we use the present simple form of the be verb, which is "are." The past participle form of "deal" is "dealt." We do not need to include an object in this case. Therefore, the passive voice sentence is "Civil cases (for example, divorce or bankruptcy cases) are dealt with by county courts."
8. Juvenile courts (which deal with offenders under seventeen) and coroners’ courts (which investigate violent, sudden or unnatural deaths) are also included in the legal system.
To rewrite this sentence in the passive voice, we follow the same formula: subject + be verb (in the appropriate tense) + past participle verb + object (if applicable). The subject is "Juvenile courts and coroners’ courts" and the verb is "are also included." The sentence is in the present simple tense, so we use the present simple form of the be verb, which is "are." The past participle form of "include" is "included." We do not need to include an object in this case. Therefore, the passive voice sentence is "Juvenile courts (which deal with offenders under seventeen) and coroners’ courts (which investigate violent, sudden or unnatural deaths) are also included in the legal system."
9. The world's first great code of laws was given by King Hammurabi, who lived some two thousand years before Christ and several centuries before the Israelites received the Ten Commandments from Moses.
To rewrite this sentence in the passive voice, we use the same formula: subject + be verb (in the appropriate tense) + past participle verb + object (if applicable). The subject is "King Hammurabi" and the verb is "was given." The sentence is in the past simple tense, so we use the past simple form of the be verb, which is "was." The past participle form of "give" is "given." We do not need to include an object in this case. Therefore, the passive voice sentence is "The world's first great code of laws was given by King Hammurabi, who lived some two thousand years before Christ and several centuries before the Israelites received the Ten Commandments from Moses."
10. A pillar of stone with 282 legal precepts was had by Hammurabi in order that "the strong should not oppress the weak, and that widows and orphans should be rightly dealt with".
To rewrite this sentence in the passive voice, we continue to use the same formula: subject + be verb (in the appropriate tense) + past participle verb + object (if applicable). The subject is "A pillar of stone with 282 legal precepts" and the verb is "was had." The sentence is in the past simple tense, so we use the past simple form of the be verb, which is "was." The past participle form of "have" is "had." We do not need to include an object in this case. Therefore, the passive voice sentence is "A pillar of stone with 282 legal precepts was had by Hammurabi in order that 'the strong should not oppress the weak, and that widows and orphans should be rightly dealt with'."