Текст
Demand is the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy at each price. Other things equal, at low prices the demanded quantity is higher
Supply is the quantity of a good that sellers wish to sell at each price. Other things equal, when prices are high, the supplied quantity is high as well.
The market is in equilibrium when the price regulates the quantity supplied by producers and the quantity demanded by consumers. When prices are not so high as the equilibrium price, there is excess demand (shortage) raising the price. At prices above the equilibrium price, there is excess supply (surplus) reducing the price.
There are some factors influencing demand for a good, such as the prices of other goods, consumer incomes and some others.
As consumer income is increased, demand for a normal good will also increase but demand for an inferior good will decrease. A normal good is a good for which demand increases when incomes rise. An inferior good is a good for which demand falls when incomes rise.
As to supply, some factors are assumed as constant. Among them are technology, the input price, as well as degree of government regulation. An improvement in technology is as important for increasing the supplied quantity good as a reduction in input prices.
Government regulates demand and supply, imposing ceiling prices (maximum prices) and floor prices (minimum prices) and adding its own demand to the demand of the private sector.
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What is demand? (Что такое с Что такое предложение?) — Supply is the quantity of a good that sellers wish to sell at each price. Other things equal, when prices are high, the supplied quantity is high as well.
When are the demanded and supplied quantities of goods high?
How are prices and the supplied and demanded quantities regulated by the market?
Which factors influence demand? How do they work?
Which factors influence supply?
How can governments regulate demand and supply?
How can prices for other goods influence the demand for a good? Supply examples.
What inferior goods can you name?
What may be the result of imposing ceiling prices?
It was strange but I COULDN’T find our cat, Tom, anywhere. The whole family got worried.
“He’s gone hunting,” my YOUNGER sister said.
“All cats hunt MICE. I read about it in a book.”
“I’m sure he IS SLEEPING in the armchair,” Mum said. But the cat wasn’t there either.
“Look! I HAVE FOUND him!” my little sister shouted. “He’s in the washing machine!” We watched in surprise as the cat got out of the washing machine.
“Come on, kitty, come here. We WILL GIVE you some milk.”
Australia, or the Commonwealth of Australia, as it is officially called, is situated on the island continent. It also occupies the Island of Tasmania and some minor islands round the coast of the continent.
It is a highly developed industrial-agrarian country. Its area is about 8 million km2. It is the only state in the world that occupies the territory of a whole continent.
The capital of Australia is Canberra, which became the capital only in 1927.
From 1787 to 1867 Australia was a place where criminals were sent from Britain. That is why the official language of Australia is English.
Almost one half of Australian territory is occupied by deserts and semideserts. For quite a long period of time it was thought to be useless for economic development. But it is rich in coal, iron ore, bauxites, uranium, lead and many other mineral resources.
For almost a century the production and export of sheep wool was the basis of the economy of the country. Now the most important industries are oil, chemical, ore mining, radioelectronics, and food industry. The country exports agricultural products and raw materials.
As for the nature, the commonest trees of Australia are the eucalyptus and the Australian acacia or mimosa, the national emblem of the country. Such unusual animals as a kangaroo or a koala-bear originate from Australia.
Australia is one of the most unusual and exotic countries of the world. A significant feature of modern Australian society is the representation of a lot of cultures drawn from many lands by its people.
Historically part of the British Empire and now a member of a Commonwealth of Nations, it is a relatively prosperous and independent nation.
Перевод:
Австралия, или Австралийский Союз, как она официально называется, находится на островном континенте. Она также занимает остров Тасмания и небольшие острова вокруг континентального побережья.
Это весьма развитая индустриально-аграрная страна. Её площадь составляет около 8 млн км2. Это единственное государство в мире, занимающее территорию целого континента.
Столица Австралии- Канберра, стала столицей лишь в 1927 году.
С 1787 по 1867 год Австралия была местом, куда отправлялись преступники из Англии. Именно поэтому официальным языком Австралии является английский.
Почти половину территории Австралии занимают пустыни и полупустыни. В течение довольно долгого времени они считались бесполезными для экономического развития. Но они богаты углём, железной рудой, бокситами, ураном, свинцом и многими другими полезными ископаемыми.
Почти столетие производство и экспорт шерсти овец являлся основой экономики страны. В настоящее время наиболее важными отраслями являются нефтяная, химическая, горнорудная промышленность, радиоэлектроника, а также пищевая промышленность. Страна экспортирует сельскохозяйственную продукцию и сырьё.
Что касается природы, то самыми распространенными деревьями в Австралии являются эвкалипт и австралийская акация, или мимоза, - государственный герб страны. Такие необычные животные, как кенгуру или коала, родом тоже из Австралии.
Австралия является одной из самых необычных и экзотических стран мира. Важной особенностью современного австралийского общества является представительство многих культур, принесённых на континент из разных земель.
Исторически - часть Британской империи, в настоящее время - член Содружества Наций, Австралия является процветающей и независимой страной.