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10.08.2022 07:39 •  Английский язык

Текст переводить не надо 1. переведитеписьменнотекст. levels of management each organization can be represented as a three-story structure or a pyramid. each story corresponds to one of the three general levels of management: top managers, middle managers, and first-line managers. at the basic level of this pyramid there are operating employees. a top manager is an upper-level executive who guides and controls the overall activities of the organization. top managers constitute a small group. they are generally responsible for the organization's planning and developing its mission. they also determine the firm's strategy and its major politics. it takes years of hard work as well as talent and good luck, to reach the ranks of top managers. they are president, vice president, chief executive officer, and member of the board. a middle manager is a manager who implements the strategy and major policies handed down from the top level of the organization. middle managers develop tactical plans, policies, and standard operating procedures, and they coordinate and supervise the activities of first-line managers. titles at the middle-management level include division manager, department head, plant manager, and operations manager. a first-line manager is a manager who coordinates and supervises the activities of operating employees. first-line managers spend most of their time working with employees, answering questions, and solving day-to-day problems. most first-line managers are former operating employees who, owing to their hard work and potential, were promoted into management. many of today's middle and top managers began their careers on this first management level. common titles for first-line managers include office manager, supervisor, foreman and project manager. operating employees are not managers. they are qualified and non-qualified persons working for the organization. for their labour or services they get salaries or wages. they represent the work force of the organization. a financial manager is primarily responsible for the organization's financial resources. accounting and investment are specialized areas within financial management. because financing affects the operation of the entire firm, many of the presidents of the largest companies are people who got their "basic training" as financial managers. 2. спишите вопросы по тексту и напишите ответы на эти вопросы. 1. in what way can any organization be represented? 2. what are top managers responsible for? 3. what do middle managers do? 4. how much of their time do first –line managers spend working with employees? 5.what are common titles for first-line managers? 3. напишите пять общих вопросов к тексту. model: many of today's middle and top managers began their careers on this first management level. didmany of today's middle and top managers begin their careers on this first management level? 4. напишите следующие вопросительно-отрицательные предложения на языке. model: 1. разве ты не встретился с ним вчера? didn’t you meet with him yesterday? 2. почему он не рассказал тебе об этом? why hasn’t he told you about that? 1. почему вы не знаете этих слов? – к сожалению, я не мог повторить их вчера. 2. разве вы не были вчера на лекции по ? 3. неужели вы не слышали, что он уехал из города? 4. разве твоя дочь не ходит в школу? – нет, она еще слишком маленькая. 5. почему вы не можете ответить на мой вопрос? 5. одно слово в каждой группе (строке) имеет отличающееся от других произношение ударного гласного звука. выпишитеэтислова. model: like by night live. live. (таккак: [laik] [bai] [nait] [liv] ) 1. high height weight lie 2. cook look pound could 3. easy head heavy weather 4. metre best ski leave 5. any many send place 6. town slow smoke post 7. month boss shop got 6. перепишите следующие слова из текста и подчеркните в каждом из них ударный слог. model: because, affect, qualify organization, represent, pyramid, correspond, general, management, operating, employee, executive, activity, constitute, responsible, developing, determine, strategy, politics, president, executive, officer, implement, standard, procedure, coordinate, supervise, department.