The first plans for constructing a railway line along the west coast of india were proposed in 1880s, but they were not carried out because there were many problems with the technology of the day. a feeble attempt to extend the line from bombay to mangalore was made much later, however between 1964 and 1986 only 100 km of track were laid down. in 1990 the konkan railway corporation was formed to build the remaining 760 km within five years. the new railway linking bombay with mangalore was inaugurated in 1996. it is 1127 km shorter than the old route. the reduction in distance enabled the konkan railway to cut down the journey time. even if trains run at a maximum of only 100 km/h, the journey time between bombay and mangalore will come down from 41 hours to 15 hours. train speeds of 130 km/h or 160 km/h will provide timesavings that are even more spectacular. besides, it had been estimated that fuel saving of more than rs2 billion was achieved. about 11% of line is in tunnels. these tunnels are equipped with sensors to monitor air pollution, temperature and visibility. the ventilation system is activated automatically via the data obtained from the sensors. the exact position of a train within the tunnel is indicated on a panel in the traffic control room* at the tunnel entrance. the konkan railway has the longest railway tunnel in india (its length is 6.5 km), the tallest viaduct in asia (the 64 m – high). there are 2,134 bridges on the line. an integrated computerized system covering trains control and scheduling, ticketing, rolling stock monitoring has been developed for the line operation – another first for india. the konkan railway has a considerable impact on the lives of more than 10 million people who live in its adjacent area. construction has already provided direct and indirect employment for a large number of people. the all-weather line provides a cheaper form of transport and accelerates industrial activity based on locally available minerals such as iron, ore, and bauxite. the scenic beauty of the area is exceptional and 160 km express trains are being planned between bombay and goa to stimulate tourism in the region. выпишите из текста предложения, которые стоят в страдательном залоге (passive voice).
Devil’s Gate near Kara Dag – Autonomous Republic of Crimea. 15 m tall natural arch in the sea with interesting form. Height of cliff – 50 m.
CAVES
Optymistychna Cave – Ternopil. Fifth longest cave in the world and the longest gypsum cave in world. Total length: 240.5 km.
Ozerna Cave (Priest’s Grotto, Popova Jama) – Ternopil. 134 km long cave, the 15th longest in the world and second longest gypsum cave. Beautiful cave formations and deep blue lakes.
Popeliushka (Zolushka) – Chernivtsi and Moldova, Briceni. 91.05 km long cave, the 25th longest in the world. Cave has gorgeous speleothems.
OTHER NATURAL LANDMARKS
Bieberstein's Pistachio, Ukraine
Bieberstein’s Pistachio / Vimoculars, Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0
Askania Nova steppe – Kherson. The last pristine steppe in Europe, 110 km² large. Here grow some 600 species of plants.
Bieberstein’s Pistachio – Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Largest tree in Ukraine by circumference, a pistachio (Pistacia vera) which has a circumference of 10.32 m, 12 m high. Grows in Nikitsky Botanican Garden.
Bulganatsk mud volcanoes – Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Group of mud volcanoes which are up to 65 m tall. Mud volcanoes are often active. Largest volcano is Central Lake which can emit some 100 m³ of hot gases during its eruption.
Volodarsk – Volynsk heliodor finds – Zhytomyr. Here are found some of the best heliodores (yellow beryl) in the world. Many crystals have interesting "solution" structures.
Большой Каньон Крыма - Автономная Республика Крым. Каньон длиной 3 км и глубиной до 300 м, в некоторых местах шириной всего 3 - 5 м. Через него протекает река Аузун-Узень, образуя несколько водопадов. Включает в себя несколько пружин с расходом до 370 л / с (Paniya Spring).
Чертовы ворота возле Кара Дага - Автономная Республика Крым. Природная арка высотой 15 м в море с интересной формой. Высота обрыва - 50 м.
ПЕЩЕРЫ
Оптимистичная пещера - Тернополь. Пятая самая длинная пещера в мире и самая длинная пещера гипса в мире. Общая длина: 240,5 км.
Озерная пещера (Грот Священника, Попова Яма) - Тернополь. Пещера длиной 134 км, 15-я самая длинная в мире и вторая по длине гипсовая пещера. Красивые пещерные образования и темно-синие озера.
Попелюшка (Золушка) - Черновцы и Молдавия, Бричаны. Пещера длиной 91,05 км, 25-я по длине в мире. Пещера имеет великолепные образования.
ДРУГИЕ ПРИРОДНЫЕ ЗЕМЕЛЬНЫЕ ЗНАКИ
Фисташка Биберштейна, Украина
Фисташка Бимберштейна / Vimoculars, Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0
Аскания Новая степь - Херсон. Последняя нетронутая степь в Европе, площадью 110 км². Здесь выращивают около 600 видов растений.
Фисташка Биберштейна - Автономная Республика Крым. Самое большое дерево в Украине по периметру, фисташка (Pistacia vera), имеющая окружность 10,32 м, высотой 12 м. Растет в Никитском ботаническом саду.
Булганатские грязевые вулканы - Автономная Республика Крым. Группа грязевых вулканов высотой до 65 м. Грязевые вулканы часто активны. Самый большой вулкан - Центральное озеро, которое может выделять около 100 м³ горячих газов во время его извержения.
Володарск - Волынский гелиодор находит - Житомир. Здесь находятся одни из лучших гелиодоров (желтый берилл) в мире. Многие кристаллы имеют интересные «растворные» структуры.
Nowadays Kyiv is a large political, industrial, scientific and cultural centre. Its population is about 3 million. The city lies on both banks of the Dnieper. Kyiv is a garden city; only a seventh part of its territory is occupied by buildings.
Kyiv has a well-developed industry. Its factories and plants produce sea and river transport vessels, air liners, computers,motorcycles, consumer goods.
Kyiv is also one of the largest scientific centres. The Ukrainian Academy of Sciences and many research institutes are famous for their discoveries. More than 10 000 students study at Kyiv Shevchenko National University. There are over 20 higher educational establishments in Kyiv.
Kyiv is also the centre of political life in Ukraine. All major political events take place here.
Kyiv is the largest ancient centre of national Ukrainian culture. There are 20 museums, 1300 libraries, 41 theatres, 121 parks. Kyiv is growing and is being built, it also becomes younger and more beautiful.