Transform into Present Passive Voice
1) Factories and power stations pump a lot of carbon dioxide in atmosphere.
2) Most cars owners use electric cars today.
3) Acid rains damaged trees and buildings.
4) We pollute water and air with toxic wastes.
5) Poachers killed a lot of rare animals.
6) Public organizations in Ukraine support environmental protection campaigns.
Chapter One
The Boy Who Lived
The chapter starts with description of the Dursley family, who are proud to be "perfectly normal". We learn that Mrs Dursley has a sister, Mrs Potter, but their families haven't met for several years. Both families have sons.
Then the story begins on a "dull, grey Tuesday". Mr Dursley notices a lot of strange things hapenning - owls flying in town, people in cloaks, a strange cat sitting on the wall of his garden, unusual news on TV. The Dursleys go to bed wondering what it all could mean. At night, a tall, thin and very old man appears near their house. It's Albus Dumbledore. The cat turns out to be Professor McGonagall, and the two are professors from Hogwarts, a school of witchcraft and wizardry. Then comes Hagrid, a giant, who brings little Harry Potter. Harry's parents were killed by Lord Voldermort, a dark wizard, but Harry survived and Voldermort's power "somehow broke" .
So little Harry is left asleep on the doorstep of the Dursley's house with a letter written by Dumbledore. The professors and Hagrid go to join the celebrations.
She said to us " Do it as soon as you can". She told us a) to do it as soon as we could.
Direct-indirect conversion
При переводе прямой речи в косвенную, временная форма сдвигается на шаг в кроме следующих случаев:
1. Если слова автора в настоящем или будущем времени. He will say that he has been there before. Он скажет, что уже был здесь.
2. Действие в Past Perfect (Continuous) или в Future-in-the-Past.
3. Обстоятельства времени не изменились. He said that he bought it yesterday. Он сказал, что купил это вчера.
4. Утверждение всегда верно. The teacher said that water boils at 100 C. Учитель сказал, что вода кипит при ста градусах.
5. Утверждение верно длительный период времени или в текущем отрезке времени. She said that she loves you. Она сказала, что любит тебя.
6. Сообщение повторяется сразу же. He said that the food is delicious. Он сказал, что еда изыскана.
7. В условных предложениях 2 типа. He said that if he were you, he wouldn’t do that. Он сказал, что на твоём месте он не стал бы этого делать.
8. Желаемые события. She said she wished she were younger. Она о том, что она не моложе.
9. Глагол ought to. He said they ought to be careful. Он сказал, что им следует быть осторожней.
10. Глагол must в значении «должно быть». He said that they must be at home. Он сказал, что они должно быть дома.
Для передачи общих вопросов используется if или whether. Вопросительные предложения передаются с прямым порядком слов: He asked me if/whether they were at home. С глаголом-связкой порядок может быть обратным: He asked me what was the price.
При сдвиге временной формы глагола в в косвенной речи, по ситуации, изменяются обстоятельства места и времени, местоимения, а также, происходит отстранение от эмоций:
this – that, these – those, here – there, now - then (at that moment, at once, immediately), come – go, today – (on) that day, yesterday – the day before(earlier), tomorrow - (on) the next (following) day, last week – the week before, ago - before(earlier), next week – the next (following) week, now that – since, so – very, yes/no – answered in the positive/negative, he - that man, we - they, come - go.
Если из прямой речи лицо не известно, используется местоимение they, а в словах автора wanted to know, wondered:
He said: “Come here”. – He told them to come up to him.
He said: “Where are you going?” – He wanted to know/wondered where they were going.