Vi. прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст. письменно ответьте на вопросы после текста. international trade international trade is the exchange of goods and services between different countries. depending on what a country produces and needs, it can export (sell goods to another country) and import (buy goods from another country). governments can control international trade. the most common measures are tariffs (or duties) and quotas. a tariff is a tax on imported goods, and a quota is the maximum quantity of a product allowed into a country during a certain period of time. these measures are protectionist as they raise the price of imported goods to «protect» domestically produced goods. international organizations such as the wto (world trade organization) regulate tariffs and reduce trade restrictions between member countries. companies can choose various methods to establish their products in a foreign market. one option is to start by working with local experts such as sales agents or distributors, who have the knowledge of the market and sell on behalf of the company. this often leads to the company opening a local branch or sales office. another option is to sell patents and licenses, or give permission to use patents and licenses for their products. companies may wish to start by manufacturing in the export market, in which case they can either set up a local subsidiary or a joint venture with a local partner. answer the questions: 1. what is international trade? 2. what is understood under the term «export»? 3. what is import? 4. are there any measures to control international trade? 5. what are the methods to establish products in a foreign market?
Международная торговля - это обмен товарами и услугами между различными
страны. В зависимости от того, что страна производит и нуждается, она может экспортировать (продавать товары
другая страна) и импорт (покупка товаров из другой страны). Правительства могут контролировать
Международная торговля. Наиболее распространенными мерами являются тарифы (или пошлины) и квоты. Тариф
это налог на импортируемые товары, а квота - максимальное количество разрешенного продукта
в страну в течение определенного периода времени. Эти меры являются протекционистскими, поскольку они
поднять цену на импортируемые товары, чтобы «защитить» товары отечественного производства.
Международные организации, такие как ВТО (Всемирная торговая организация) регулируют
тарифов и сокращения торговых ограничений между странами-членами.
Компании могут выбирать различные создания своей продукции в иностранной
рынок. Один из вариантов - начать с работы с местными экспертами, такими как торговые агенты или
дистрибьюторов, которые владеют знаниями рынка и продают от имени компании.
Это часто приводит к тому, что компания открывает местный филиал или офис продаж. Другим вариантом является
продавать патенты и лицензии или давать разрешение на использование патентов и
продукты. Компании, возможно, пожелают начать производство на экспортном рынке, в котором
Если они могут создать местную дочернюю компанию или совместное предприятие с местным партнером.
1. International trade is the exchange of goods and services between different countries.
- The answer is stated in the first sentence of the text.
2. Export refers to selling goods to another country.
- The answer is mentioned after explaining the concept of international trade.
3. Import refers to buying goods from another country.
- The answer is mentioned after explaining the concept of international trade.
4. Yes, there are measures to control international trade. The most common measures are tariffs (or duties) and quotas.
- The answer is provided after mentioning the control of international trade by governments and explaining tariffs and quotas.
5. There are various methods to establish products in a foreign market. One option is to work with local experts such as sales agents or distributors who have knowledge of the market and sell on behalf of the company. This can eventually lead to the company opening a local branch or sales office. Another option is to sell patents and licenses or give permission to use them for their products. Companies may also choose to start manufacturing in the export market by setting up a local subsidiary or a joint venture with a local partner.
- The answer is provided in the last paragraph of the text, where different methods for establishing products in a foreign market are explained.
I hope this detailed explanation helps you understand the topic of international trade and its related concepts.