Vi. прочитайте, письменно переведите и озаглавьте текст.britain has the oldest parliament in the world. this institution has changed over the centuries and has reflected the class structure and economic basis of feudal and capitalists societies.parliament is held in the palace of westminster. this tradition dates back to saxon times. when the king called to this place a group of powerful barons who discussed with him matters of state. the king often argued with them for his power and money. in 1215 king henry 111 refused to accept magna carta. a group of powerful barons supported him. but symon de monfort defeated them and in 1265 called the first parliament. from that time the king summoned parliament and representatives of counties and cities together with the king's advisers from the clergy, and his supporters among the feudal barons met together. as the class differences between the representatives and aristocracy became more marked, the division into the «lords» and the «commons» took place.in the middle of the last century the house of commons was a centre of real political power. since those days the growth of the power of the cabinet, based on the development of the modern party system has brought about a fundamental change. the house of commons is still the centre of the political stage; but it isn't the centre of the real political power. the house of commons doesn't control the cabinet, the civil service or the armed forces. it is in fact a forum for criticism of the government and for getting the information.в британии самый старый парламент в мире. этот институт менялся на протяжении веков и отражал классовую структуру и основу феодальных и капиталистических обществ. парламент проходит в вестминстерском дворце. эта традиция восходит к саксонским временам. когда царь призвал к этому месту группу могущественных баронов, которые обсуждали с ним вопросы государства. король часто спорил с ними о его власти и деньгах. в 1215 году король генрих 111 отказался принять великую хартию вольностей. группа могущественных баронов поддержала его. но симон де монфор победил их и в 1265 году созвал первый парламент. с этого времени король созвал парламент и представителей уездов и городов вместе с советниками короля из духовенства и его сторонниками среди феодальных баронов. когда классовые различия между представителями и аристократией стали более заметными, произошло разделение на «лордов» и «общин». в середине века палата общин была центром реальной политической власти. с тех пор рост власти кабинета, основанный на развитии современной партийной системы, к изменениям. палата общин по-прежнему является центром политической сцены; но это не центр реальной политической власти. палата общин не контролирует кабинет, государственную службу или вооруженные силы. на самом деле это форум для критики правительства и получения информации.vii. ответьте на вопросы по тексту.1. when was the first english parliament called? 2. where is parliament held? 3. what are the names of two houses of parliament? viii. найдите в тексте эквиваленты выражениям: король; могущественный; поддерживать; развитие; советник; созывать; представители; в середине столетия; правительство.
Peter I, or Peter the Great, was one of the most prominent rulers and reformers in the history of Russia. He was a Russian tsar and became emperor in 1721. First, he ruled along with his brother Ivan and his sister Sophia. In 1696, he became the sole ruler.
He was a healthy, lively and intelligent child. He loved war games and loved carpentry, blacksmithing and printing. At the age of 17, he was married.
Peter I is known for drawing Russia further east. He also moved the capital from Moscow to St. Petersburg. Peter traveled extensively in Western Europe and tried to bring Western customs and habits to Russia. He introduced Western technology. He completely changed the Russian government and military system: he increased the power of the monarch and reduced the power of the boyars and the church.
In foreign policy, Peter I waged a war with Turkey (1695-1696) and the Great Northern War with Sweden (1700-1721), as well as the war with Persia (1722-1723). In these wars, he wanted to gain access to the Baltic, Black and Caspian Seas. He managed to get the shores of the Baltic Sea and the Caspian Sea.
Peter I played a large role in Russian history. After his death, Russia became much safer and more progressive than before his reign.
Объяснение:
1.Anna … the table when she broke a plate.
a) laid b) was laying c) is laying d) laided
2.He … while he was eating.
a) read b) reads c) was reading d) is reading
3. They … … together for three years.
a) are working b) work c) works d) have been working
4.Welcome to the party! … you … my brother?
a) Are … meeting b) Have … met c) Have … meet d) Have … been meeting
5.I … the opportunity to travel extensively.
a) am never having b) have never had c) have had never d) had never had
6.Alex usually sits here. But today he … in the first row.
a) sits b) sit c) is sitting d) has sitting
7.Ann, put some lotion on your face! You … on the sun too long.
a) have been lying b) have lain c) lain d) are lying
8.You … … terrible these days! Go and see your doctor.
a) are looking b) has been looking c) look d) is looking
9.Look through the window! It … … !
a) have snowed b) is snowing c) have been snowing d) was snowing
10. I … … this person since I first met her.
a) am disliking b) have disliked c) disliked d) have been disliking
Объяснение: