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26.01.2022 14:32 •  Английский язык

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№1 BASIC LOADING AND EXECUTION OPERATIONS

Since the CPU’s 11111111111 is limited to the execution of instructions, every operation in a 11111211111 ultimately arises from the fundamental ability to load and execute programs. 11111311111 do the users’ work. Operating system programs utilities manage files, control I/O operations, process interrupts, provide system security, manage the 11111411111, log operations for the system administrator to analyze, and much more. Except for programs that permanently reside in 11111511111, every one of these programs must be loaded into memory before it can be executed. In 11111611111, the only programs permanently resident in ROM are usually just the few that are needed to boot the system. All other programs are loaded after the system is 11111711111. Many of these programs are loaded into memory at start-up time and remain resident as long as the computer is on; others are loaded as they are requested or needed, but in either case, the program 11111811111 is central to system operation.
Observing the steps in the loading process exposes the workings and interactions of many of the 11111911111 operating system components. Incidentally, the program loader itself is a program that generally must be loaded, this 111111011111 occurs during the boot process. After that, the loader process remains resident in 111111111111, ready for use. In the previous section, you saw how processes are created from programs administratively by the 111111211111component of the operating system. You are already aware, therefore, that requests for program loads are spawned from 111111311111 or system programs that are already running.
Now we take a brief look at the next step: what happens after the process is created but before it is 111111411111 into memory and executed. This will prepare you for more detailed discussions of the memory management and 111111511111 issues that follow.

1. general-purpose computer systems
2. initial load
3. loading operation
4. computer system
5. memory 6. capability
7. basic
8. scheduling
9. application programs
10. process management 11. application
12. ROM
13. loaded
14. user interface
15. operational